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a social science dedicated to crime and criminals |
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| the majority of people believe that this action is wrong (i.e. rape or murder) |
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| violation of societal rules of behavior as interpretted or expressed by a criminal legal code created by people holding social and political power |
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| reports by police, courts and prisons; this is limited to those who get caught and don't inclue reported crimes without arrest |
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| covers personal offending and victimization experiences; NVCS |
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| interviews, useful in probing for information; but individuals may also be deterred to be truthful in face-to-face conversation |
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| cops going "undercover" to follow subjects and records behavior and interaction |
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| a study of a group of individuals with a common trait (city&year of birth, ethnicity, etc.) |
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| information with great detail that is available for others to use |
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| literally mapping out where crimes have taken place over time |
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| used to learn social factors that effect crime; predicts need for prison space, treatment programs, etc. |
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| inidividuals who have had 5+ police encounters at a young age |
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| Patterns: where (pertaining to age) |
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Definition
- child victimization occurs at the home
- teen vic. occurs outside the school or home
- adult vic. occurs in public
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| Patterns: where (pertaining to environment) |
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- urban settings have more crime than suburban
- suburban more than rural
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| Patterns of victimization: when (time) |
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Definition
- child victimization occurs throughout the day and at drop off hours at night
- teen occurs 3-6pm, peaking at 4 on school days and 6 on nonschool days
- adults occur during evening hours, peaking at 9pm
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| Patterns of victimization: monthly |
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Definition
- summer-tourists carry money and make more interaction with people than other seasons
- weekends-party scene
- payday
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| Patterns of victimization: to whom (male) |
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Definition
| males are more likely to be victimized than females in all crimes except for rape |
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| patterns of victimization: to whom (female) |
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Definition
| females are more likely to be victimized by someone they know rather than a stranger |
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| patterns of victimization: to whom (age) |
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Definition
- children under 4 are at highest risk of homicide by caregiver
- victimization generally goes down after the age of 24
- BUT, elderly home invasions have risen
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| Patterns of victimization: to whom (race and class) |
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Definition
- minorities are most likely to be arrested and victimized
- lower social class is more likely to be victims of property and violent crimes
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| patterns of victimization: to whom (marital status) |
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Definition
singles are more vulnerable to be victimized:
- age and activities
- pattern does not hold for widows
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Term
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Definition
- active: antagonizing a situation to cause someone else to commit a crime against you
- passive: examples-sexual orientation, religion, race or opinion
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| anything that puts you in contact with law breakers increases the risk of being a victim |
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Term
| Routine Activities Theory |
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Definition
(specific to situation)there are 3 things needed for crime to occur:
- motivated offender
- suitable target
- lack of capable guardians (cops, streetlamps, etc.)
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Term
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Definition
Fear of:
- being victimized again
- attacker still being after them
- life never returning to normal
- being damaged
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Definition
- loss of appetite
- loss of sleep
- anxiety attacks
- depression
- loss of motivation for normal activity
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| Long-term effects of victimization |
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Definition
- Post traumatic Stress
- suicidal thoughts and behavior
- cycle of violence
- financial effects
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Definition
this is most common in youths;
- by a parent/caregiver
- most likely to be sexual assault
- most likely to develop PTSD
- females are likely to end up in unhealthy relationships and professions
- males are more likely to assault others as a result
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Term
| Crime Victims Compensation Fund |
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Definition
helps victims to pay medical expenses and un-insured property damage;
must apply through state with approval process |
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Definition
| a statement by a victim at a trial stating the impact of the crime; it is taken into consideration with the judge/jury decision |
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Definition
helps a victim to understand the system and its process
(National Center for Victims of Crime and National Organization for Victim Assistance) |
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| tries to put focus on the victim so that the offender tries to "fix" the harm that was done rather than just serving time or paying a fine |
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