Term
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Definition
People are social beings more than individuals. This means that society shapes their behavior, attitudes and life chances. |
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Term
| How does perspective affect the defining of criminal actions? |
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Definition
Different societies or areas of a society view crimes differently. |
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Term
| Define the Consensus Theory. |
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Definition
| Durkheim, laws are based off of the CONSENSUS of public. Most people think killing is bad, make it illegal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Laws are made by the rich and powerful to keep the gap between the rich and the poor as large as possible. |
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Term
RESEARCH METHODS:
Survey - ____________ |
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Definition
| Administering a questionaire to a group of respondents. Usually the respondents are a random sample of the area / city / school. |
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Term
RESEARCH METHODS:
Experiments - _________ |
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Definition
| Studies that take place in controlled environments. Usually using a test group and a control group. |
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Term
RESEARCH METHODS:
Interviewing - __________ |
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Definition
| Interviewing criminal offenders. |
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Term
RESEARCH METHODS:
Research using existing data - _________ |
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Definition
| Viewing, dissecting and combining previous data. Sometimes this is used to look at crimes in certain areas, sometimes it is used to place criminals in age, race or gender brackets. |
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Term
RESEARCH METHODS:
Historical Research - _______ |
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Definition
| Used to find historical trends in crime. |
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Term
| What is the difference between an "Independent Variable" and a "Dependant Variable"? |
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Definition
IV- Does the influencing.
DV- Is influenced. |
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Term
| What is the criteria for causality? |
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Definition
IV and DV must be statistically related.
A must proceed B in time.
A relationship between A and B must not be spurious. |
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Term
| Correlation does not equal... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between Crime and Deviance? |
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Definition
Crime = breaking the law.
Deviance = breaking social norms.
Killing people is criminal.
Laughing maniacally in public places is deviant. |
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Term
| What are the effects of media coverage? |
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Definition
- Public Ignorance
- Public fear and concern
- Stereotyping
- Perceptions of the police
- Seriousness of the crime
- Punitiveness of crim. sanctions
- CJ spending
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Term
| The primary source of measuring crime statistics is... |
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Definition
| The FBI's Uniform Crime Report (UCR) |
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Term
| What is the Dark Figure of Crime? |
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Definition
| Crimes not reported. About 60% of all crimes committed. |
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Term
| What is a Part I offense? |
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Definition
| Most serious crimes, murder, rape, robbery, agg. assault. |
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Term
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Definition
| White collar, theft, vandalism, embezzlement, disorderly conduct, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Women have lower crime rates than men. |
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Term
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Definition
| Whites commit more crimes than blacks, but blacks commit a disproportionate amount of crime. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most people arrested or street crimes are poorly educated with low incomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Crime peaks at ages 17 and 18 and then declines dramatically as age increases. |
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Term
| What is the lifestyle theory and routine activities theory? |
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Definition
Lifestyle: Your lifestyle attributes to becoming a victim. Such as visiting nightclubs or bars.
Routine Activities: 1) The presence of an attractive target. 2) Presence of a likely offender. 3) The absence of guardianship. |
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Term
| Explain the correlation between having a deviant lifestyle and the chances of becoming a victim. |
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Definition
Because criminals fear arrest, they will not report crimes against themselves. Example:
A prostitute is battered by one of her clients, she will not call the police because she fears she will be arrested for prostitution. |
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Term
| Explain the Victim Precipitation Theory... |
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Definition
| Victims have more control on being victims. Remove yourself from bad situations and you reduce the risk of being a victim. The victim actively initiates the encounter that leads them to becoming victims. |
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