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Definition
| the idealized model of the criminal justice process in the United States in which the prosecutor and defense attorney vigorously contest the evidence concerning the defendant's guilt or innocence |
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| the process occurring when legal outcomes are based on prejudice or other nonlegal criteria instead of legal factors such as the seriousness of the crime and strength of the evidence |
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| refers to the possibility that executions increase the homicide rate |
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| the workload of prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges |
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| placement in prison, jail, or on probation or parole |
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| the "team" of prosecutor, defense attorney, and judge, all of whom are said to cooperate to expedite cases |
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| the placing of a convicted offender in prison or jail |
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| physically preventing a convicted offender from committing a crime; usually refers to incarceration |
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| the determination of whether a convicted offender should be incarcerated |
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| the view that racial discrimination in sentencing is more likely for defendants convicted of minor offenses rather than for those convicted of serious offenses |
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| negotiations between prosecution and defense over the sentence the prosecutor will request in return for a plea of guilty by the defendant |
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| Durkheim's term for the punitive type of legal punishment that he thought characterizes traditional societies |
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| Durkheim's term for the compensatory type of legal punishment that he thought characterizes modern societies |
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Definition
| an execution of someone who in face was innocent of the crime for which he or she was convicted |
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| the rapid drop from the number of actual crimes committed to the number of offenders incarcerated |
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Term
| developmental experiences |
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Definition
| aspects of childhood and adolescence that affect the likelihood of crime |
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Definition
| efforts to prevent problems such as disease, injury, or crime by focusing on aspects of the social or physical environment that contribute to these problems |
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Definition
| an approach to illness, injury, and other problems that emphasizes primary prevention |
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| the identification of practices and situations that put certain individuals at risk for illness, injury, or criminality, and efforts to address these risk factors |
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| efforts to treat people already having a problem, such as illness or injury; in criminology, refers to efforts to deal with people who have already committed a crime |
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