4 violent, 4 nonviolent

- violent are known as preditory crimes
- viol – murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault
- non viol – motor vehicle theft, larceny, arson, burglary

snitches

amatures, usually steal things of little value in order to keep the items for themselves 

boosters

professionals, sell their stolen goods to fences and pawnshops

 low level

 adolescents and young adults, commit spontanious and unskilled burglaries, steal things popular to their age groups

middle range

more skilled, spend time searching for attractive targets, generally act alone, choose rich suburban homes, spend time in residence to find most valuable items

high level

most skilled, act in groups of two or more, spend a lot of time and will travel long distances to their target, also plan how to get rid of the items that they steal

white collar crime

any of various crimes, as embezzlement, fraud, or stealing of office equipment, committed by business or professional people while working at their occupations  

factors to commit white collar crime

- upper class
- employee, while you are working
- breach of trust, trust is broken
- how the crime is processed, authoritatively, you don't have to see a judge
- access and opportunity

corporate crime

crime that is committed by corporations

vice crimes

- consensual crimes aka victimless crimes
- gambling, personal drug use, prostitution

occupational crime

- committed by individuals in the course of their occupation for personal gain

organized crime

- criminal activity on the part of an organized and extensive group of people

police

- main goal is to get the bad guys off the street, and to provide due process

due process

- makes sure that people are afforded the rights of the constitution
- you are read your rights before you are self incriminated
- you are arraigned - told the charges against you, this is when due process starts, your bail is set, and you are afforded an attorney if needed

blind justice

- equal and impartial enforcement of the law

reasonableness standard

- what a reasonable person would think

neutralization

- methods that corporations use to protect themselves
- like street criminals white collar criminals use many techniques of neutralization to justify their crimes and other misconducts

 invocation

 – getting involved in the particular situation, to take action,discretion

non invocation

– deciding not to get involved or take action, discretion

mafia myth

- the idea that organized crime did not exist until Italians immigrated here
- has to do with people, political officials, and businesses accepting bribes

when do white collar crimes start surfacing

-during the time that railroads were being built, time of industrialization

embezzlement

- the stealing of misappropriation of funds entrusted to an employee 

domestic violence laws

- police have limited discretion

- zero tolerance policing

 police crackdown, small crimes are just as bad as the big crimes (NYC subway)

 preventative policing 

 random preventative police patrol

direct policing

 putting police in a direct area looking fir potential suspects that would commit a crime

community policing

 – getting the public involved, people understand what the police are doing

arson

- any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another

are people happy or not happy with the police or don't care don't know

- they are satisfied

how evidence is obtained is...

- just as important as the evidence itself

primary prevention

- seeks to prevent the occurrence of disease or injury entirely

secondary prevention

- aims to identify practices and situations that put certain individuals at risk for illness or injury

developmental prevention

- has to do with preventing crime from happening at a young age

tough approach on crime focuses on...

- harsher penalties stricter laws

fraud

- ID theft
- computer crime
- insurance fraud
- tax fraud

 is a firm beilef

ras

more than a hunch but less then pc

broken windows theory

- the idea that if a broken window is not fixed, then it will lead to more windows to be broken and more crime will be committed 

rape sheild laws

- restrict the use of a woman's sexual history in rape cases

sexual consent

 – 13 as long as your not 4 or more years older, 16 is the standard, 18 you can do what ever you want 

emancapated minor

married, join the military, legally cut ties, child, pregnant