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Criminology Chapter 10 and 12
FINAL
46
Other
Undergraduate 2
12/07/2008

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Cards

Term
hate crime
Definition
political in nature as they involve attempts to assert or preserve the dominance of one group over another.
Term
T/F: Offical data was collected on hate crimes in Maryland in 1979.
Definition
True
Term
Where is the Southern Poverty Law Center located?
Definition
Alabama
Term
T/F/: Very little information on hate crimes come from the Southern Poverty Law Center
Definition
False
Term
In 1990, what act was passed by congress and signed into law regarding hate crime statistics?
Definition
Hate Crimes Statistics Act
Term
What did the Hate Crimes Statistics Act collect data on?
Definition
Hate crimes based on, 1) Race, 2) Ethnicity, 3)Sexual orientation, 4) Religion
Term
T/F: An additional $500,000 was given to law enforcement and other offical authorities to pay for collection of hate crime stats.
Definition
False. No additional funding was given.
Term
In 1994, crimes based on what were added to the Hate Crimes Statistics Act?
Definition
Disabilities.
Term
T/F: There are limitations on gethering hate crime data.
Definition
True.
Term
What are some of the limitations on collecting hate crime data?
Definition

1)Immigrants who don't speak English

2)Culture differences may prevent people from reporting

3)Undocumented workers may fear deportation

4)Gay victims feel vulnerable

5)Difficulty for poilce to distiguish motive for crime

6)Difficult to identitify which of victims attributes were involed in the crime

Term
Table 10.1 describes Hate Crime Incidents by Bias Motivation (2002). What catergory has the highest percent of bias motivation?
Definition
Race
Term
What are all of major catergories of bias motivation?
Definition

1)Race

2)Religion

3)Sexual Orientation

4)Ethnicity/National origin

5)Disability

Term
According to the UCR, what does the most common hate crime incident involve?
Definition
intimidation (33%)
Term
According to the UCR, what does the 2nd most common hate crime incident involve?
Definition
vandalism/destruction of property (31%)
Term
According to the UCR, what does the 3rd most common hate crime incident involve?
Definition
simple assault (20%)
Term
According to the UCR, what does the 4th most common hate crime incident involve?
Definition
aggravated assault (11%)
Term
According to the UCR, what does the LEAST likely hate crime incident involve? (Hint: It rarely happens)
Definition
Murder (< 1%)
Term
T/F: Most hate crimes are committed by hate groups.
Definition
false. No more than 5% of hate crimes involve organized hate groups.
Term
Ku Klux Klan
Definition

-Started after the Civil War.

-In 1920's there was more than 2 million members

-In early 1970's there was about 5,000

Term
"New" Klan (related to KKK)
Definition

-Formed by David Duke

-Downplayed the violence.

-Appealed to whites who had mainstream conservative views

-Opposed to affirmative action and liberal immigration policies

-Early 1980's there was about 11,500 members

-By mid 1980's members declined due to internal squabbles and competition from other hate groups.

Term
terrorism
Definition
use of threat of violence intended to accomplish a political objective.
Term
state terrorism
Definition
undertaken by governments themselves to control their own citizens' behavior or to change political arrangements in other countries
Term
Al-Qaida
Definition
terrorism group run by Osama Bin Laden in Afghanistan
Term
deep ecology
Definition
belief that humans are simply "ordinary members of the biological community, no more important than" andy othe living creature
Term
Ecoterrorism
Definition
movement of people whoadvocate the use of violence and he willful destruction of property in order to "terminante, prevent, or minimize human alteration to any part of the natural environment or its animal species."
Term
miscegenation
Definition
interbreeding or marriage between members of different racial groups
Term
T/F: Most Americans favor capital punishment
Definition
True
Term

According to table 12.1 (Number of Prisoners by Type of Offenses), the most offenders of the state prison systems are there because of:

A) Drug offenses

B) Sexual Assault

C) Violent offenses

D) Murder

Definition
C) Violent offenses. 49.3%
Term

According to table 12.1 (Number of Prisoners by Type of Offenses), the most offenders of the federal prison system are there because of:

A) Drug offenses

B) Sexual Assault

C) Violent offenses

D) Murder

Definition
A) Drug offenses 55%
Term
Coker v. Georgia (1977)
Definition
argued that rape was a crime that was unconstitutional to use the death penalty against
Term
According to table 12.3 (Number of Prisoners by Race/Ethniticty and Gender), what race/ethnicity is the majority in prison?
Definition
Black (45%)
Term
According to table 12.3 (Number of Prisoners by Race/Ethniticty and Gender), what race/ethnicity is the second majority in prison?
Definition
White (34.7%)
Term
If blacks consist of 45% and whites consist of 34.7% of the prison system; Who is over represented? Who is under represnted?
Definition
Blacks are over represnted. Whites are under represented.
Term
McClesky v. Kemp (1987)
Definition

-A black man killed a white police officer. Asked if death sentence could be changed to a life sentence.

 

Term
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
Definition
Ruled that if a crime was commited under the age of 18, it is unconstitutional to issue death penalty.
Term
Characteristics of capital cases (3)
Definition

1) typically handled by inexperienced defense attorneys

2) Clients typically poor

3) Legal representation is often weak or questionable

Term
T/F: Race of victim is less imprtant than race of offender
Definition
False. It is more important
Term
T/F: There are more women's prisons than male's prisons.
Definition
False. Women have fewer prisons.
Term
Compared to male prisoners, female prisoners are: (4)
Definition

-Less violent

-More likely to form consunsual sexual unions

-More likely to form interracial friendships

-More likely to be sanctioned fo rminor rule infractions

Term
T/F: Mothers in prison are more likely than fathers in prison to have their parental rights terminated.
Definition
true
Term
Girl Scouts beoyond bars
Definition
Arranges for girls to meet with their mothers to work on projects/engage in structured activities.
Term
Bedford Hills Correctional Facility (NY)
Definition

-Children spend weekends with mothers

-Children spend a week during the summer

-Mothers allowed to send audiotapes to their children

Term

What percent of incarcerated women are pregnant?

A) 10%

B) 45%

 C) 5%

D) 69%

 

Definition
A) 10%
Term
T/F: HIV/AIDS rate is higher among female inmates
Definition
True. Although, overall more HIV/AIDS cases in prison involve males.
Term
Furman v. Georgia (1972)
Definition
Put executions on hold because judges were giving different sentences for the same crimes.
Term
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
Definition
2 different trials to get a fair descision (sentence). Reinstitute the death penalty.
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