Term
| What were the aims of Yochelson and Samenow's study? |
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Definition
To understand the make up of the criminal personality
to establish techniques that could be used to alter the personality disorders that produce crime
to encourage an understanding of legal responsiblity
to establish techniques that can be effective in preventing criminal behaviour |
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Term
| Who were the participants in Yochelson and Samenow's study? |
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Definition
255 males from various backgrounds
All were from pychiatric hospitals after they had been found not guilty for reasons of insanity |
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Term
| What was the methodology of Yochelson and Samenow's study? |
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Definition
| A series of interviews conducted over several years |
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Term
| What did Yochelson and Samenow find? |
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Definition
criminals:
are restless, dissatisfied and irritable
while at school, considered requests from their teachers and parents as imposititions
continually set themselves apart from others
want to live a life of excitment, at any cost
are habitually angry as a way of life
are lacking empathy
feel under no obligation to anyone or anything except their own interests
are poor at responsible decision making |
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Term
| What was the aim of Kohlberg's study? |
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Definition
| to find evidence in support of a progression through stages of moral development |
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Term
| who were Kohlberg's participants? |
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Definition
| 58 boys from Chicago of working and middle class aged 7, 10, 13 and 16 |
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Term
| What was Kohlberg's methodology? |
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Definition
Each boy was given a 2 - hour interview with 10 dilemmas that they had to solve
in 1969 this was extended to children in the UK, Mexico, Taiwan, Turkey, the USA and Yucatan |
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Term
| what were the results of Kohlberg's study? |
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Definition
younger boys tended to perform at stages 1 and 2 (pre-morality) and older boys at stages 3 and 4 (conventional morality)
These patterns were consistant across cultures
no support was found for a stage 6 |
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Term
| what was the aim of Gudjohnsson and Bownes' study? |
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Definition
| To examine the relationship between the type of offence and the attributions Irish offenders make about their criminal act and compare them with findings from an English sample |
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Term
| Who were the participants in Gudjonsson and Bownes' study? |
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Definition
| 80 criminals serving sentences in Northern Ireland |
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Term
| What were the three types of offence in Gudjonsson and Bownes' study? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were Gudjonsson and Bownes' results? |
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Definition
Sexual offenders followed by violent offenders showed the most remorse for their actions
Very little difference was found in the mental element scores for all offenders
Violent offenders had the highest scores for external attribution, sex offenders the lowest
Irish prisoners showed lower mental element, lower guilt and higher external attribution scores when compared to English prisoners |
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