Term
| Describe England’s frankpledge system of policing (question 2 & 3 answers may be included in this answer, if they are, great…if not, know the answer to 2 & 3 as well). |
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Definition
| was a system of joint surety ship common in England throughout the Early Middle Ages. The essential characteristic was the compulsory sharing of responsibility among persons connected through kinship, or some other kind of tie such as an oath of fealty to a lord or knight. All men over 12 years of age were joined in groups of approximately ten households. This unit, under a leader known as the chief-pledge or tithing-man, was then responsible for producing any man of that tithing suspected of a crime. If the man did not appear, the entire group could be amerced (fined). |
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Term
| What was the name of the ten man units of the frankpledge system? |
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Definition
| A tithing or tything was an historic English legal, administrative or territorial unit, originally one tenth of a hundred, and later a subdivision of a manor or civil parish. The term implies a grouping of ten households |
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Term
| What was the name of the man who acted as the elected judge in the frankpledge system? |
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Definition
| Shire-reeve ? CHECK CHAPTER |
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Term
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Definition
| The invention of gin advanced the development of law enforcement by making hard liquor affordable for many people. |
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Term
| Who were the Thames River Police? |
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Definition
| In 1798, the West India Trading Company created London's first professional, salaried police force, the Thames River Police. |
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Term
| What did Henry Fielding do for English policing? |
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Definition
| Henry Fielding organized the Bow Street Runners, which was more centralized than the watch-and-ward system. |
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Term
| What did Sir Robert Peel do for English policing? |
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Definition
| In 1829, Sir Robert Peel sponsored the Metropolitan Police Act, the first successful bill to create a permanent, public police force. |
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Term
| List and explain the features that English policing contributed to US policing. |
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Definition
Limited police authority
Local control
A fragmented system |
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Term
| What did O.W. Wilson contribute to American policing? |
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Definition
| increased police efficiency by assigning officers based on the amount of reported crime and calls for service. |
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Term
| What did J. Edgar Hoover contribute to American policing? |
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Definition
| championed police professionalism and built the FBI into one of the premier law enforcement agencies in the world. |
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Term
| Name the three CRUCIAL differences, according to the book, between the military and the police. |
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Definition
Discretion
Visibility
Authority |
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Term
| Name the level of government that each of these officers work for: the sheriff, the FBI agent, the city cop, and highway patrol? |
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Definition
| Sherriff – Local Government, FBI Agent – Federal Level, City Copy – Local Level and Highway patrol – State level |
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Term
| What were the findings of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment? |
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Definition
Examined the effectiveness of police patrol
Found that decreasing or increasing routine patrols had no effect on crime, citizen fear of crime, or community attitudes toward the police. |
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Term
| What was vigilantism and where was it popular? |
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Definition
Taking the law into one's own hands and attempting to effect justice according to one's own understanding of right and wrong; action taken by a voluntary association of persons who organize themselves for the purpose of protecting a common interest
The vigilante tradition was part of American life, especially in the South and West.
The Bald Knobbers was a group of motivated vigilantes in the southern part of the state of Missouri |
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Term
| List and describe the four elements of the policeman’s working personality |
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Definition
• The symbolic assailant - Law enforcement officers are systematically trained and culturally reinforced to consider everyone a potential assailant until they determine that an individual poses no threat.
• Danger - Police work can be very dangerous. The possibility of confrontation is always present.
• Social isolation - The public treats law enforcement officers differently. Many officers may limit their social interactions to situations in which other police officers are around.
• Solidarity - The combination of danger and social isolation creates a sense of solidarity in the police subculture. |
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Term
| What was the Knapp Commission and what important distinction did it make? |
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Definition
In 1972, the commission issued its report on police corruption in New York City. Nineteen officers were indicted for accepting payoffs.
The commission made a distinction between…
meat-eaters, those who aggressively sought financial gain
and
grass-eaters, those who passively accepted bribes |
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Term
| List the ways that enforcement of narcotics laws can invite police corruption. |
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Definition
Bribes
Using drugs
Buying and selling narcotics
Arrogation of seized property
Illegal searches and seizures
Protection of informants
Violence |
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Term
| What does the 4th Amendment protect us from? |
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Definition
| The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. |
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Term
| What does the 5th Amendment protect us from? |
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Definition
protects against abuse of government authority in a legal procedure.
Fifth Amendment self-incrimination clause |
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Term
| What is the Privacy Doctrine? |
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Definition
| The privacy doctrine of the 1920s gained renewed life in the Warren Court of the 1960s when, in Griswold v Connecticut (1965), the Court struck down a state law prohibiting the possession, sale, and distribution of contraceptives to married couples. |
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Term
| What is a special needs search? |
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Definition
| These type of searches can be made without a warrant or on less than probable cause. |
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Term
| List the special needs search examples given by the text (and on a PowerPoint)? |
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Definition
Inventory searches
Border searches
Airport searches
Searches of prisoners
Searches of probationers & parolees
Searches of students
Employee drug testing |
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Term
| List and describe the three varieties of policing styles first identified by James Q Wilson. |
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Definition
Watchman style - Distinguishes between two mandates of policing: order maintenance and law enforcement. Very dependent on discretion
Legalistic style - Concentrates on enforcing the law by writing more tickets, making more arrests, and encouraging victims to sign complaints. Requires little discretion
Service Style - Concerned primarily with service to the community and citizens. Employs alternative strategies: official warnings or diversion programs. Discretion is used, but subject to formal review and evaluation. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a show-of-authority stop and an actual-seizure stop? |
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Definition
Actual-seizure stops involve officers physically restricting a person's freedom.
Show-of-authority stops involve officers showing their authority and the suspects submitting. |
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Term
| If officers are going to go into someone’s home to make an arrest, the court recommends four restrictions that they should follow; list them. |
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Definition
The crime should be a felony.
The police must knock and announce.
The arrest should be made in daylight.
The police must meet a stringent probable-cause requirement that the suspect is in fact at home. |
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Term
| 26. To conduct a search, officers need probable cause and a search warrant, however, the Court has recognized 4 major exceptions to the warrant requirement; what are they? |
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Definition
Searches incident to arrest
Consent searches
Exigent circumstances searches or emergency searches
Vehicle searches |
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Term
| In law enforcement where is the most discretion found? |
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Definition
| Service Style - CHECK CHAPTER |
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Term
| What does community or community-oriented policing (COP) try to do? |
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Definition
| Attempts to harness community resources and residents in stopping crime and maintaining order |
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Term
| What does zero-tolerance policing try to do? |
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Definition
A refinement of problem-oriented policing
Based on the broken windows theory
If every infraction of the law is punished, offenders will not commit more serious crimes. |
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Term
| What is proactive policing? |
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Definition
| Sometimes the police structure situations to give crime an opportunity to occur. |
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Term
| List some examples of proactive policing. |
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Definition
Prostitution stings
Raids on gambling establishments or homes where drugs are consumed or sold.
Businesses that violate liquor laws |
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Term
| What is broken windows theory? |
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Definition
| According to the broken windows theory, vandalism and criminal activity are more likely to occur in areas that appear abandoned or neglected. |
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Term
| List the reasons that we should be cautious about making policing strategies based on broken windows theory? |
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Definition
Misreading of how communities were policed in the past
Concern for the rights of all citizens
Problem of crime displacement |
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Term
| Take a look at the FBI’s ten most stressful live events for police officers. List them if you want to, but there is one question regarding those…a passing knowledge of what kinds of things are on the list, will do. |
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Definition
1) The violent death of a partner in the line of duty.
2) The dismissal or loss of the job.
3) Taking of a life in the line of duty.
4) Shooting someone in the line of duty.
5) Suicide of an officer who is a close friend.
6) The violent death of another officer in the line of duty.
7) A murder committed by a law enforcement officer.
8) A duty related violent injury such as a shooting.
9) A violent job related injury to another officer.
10) Suspension from the job. |
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Term
| List three reasons that police officers may be more prone to drinking alcohol. |
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Definition
• The subculture may socialize new officers into accepting a pattern of aftershift drinking.
• Socialization in the police subculture establishes that drinking is not deviant.
• Normalization of drinking may preclude treatment because "every one of my friends drinks." |
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Term
| What are Arrigo and Garsky’s three suggestions for reducing police stress? |
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Definition
Stress management and stress reduction techniques
Group process sessions
Police mentoring |
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Term
| What are some reasons that police may have higher rates of suicide? |
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Definition
| Stress ? NO ANSWER - CHECK CHAPTER |
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Term
| What does problem oriented policing attempt to do? |
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Definition
• Related to community policing
• Expands the officer's role from reaction to proactive problem solving.
• Allows agencies to address crime on a more systemic level than traditional policing |
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Term
| What is double marginality? |
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Definition
| It's basically when a minority police officer is tougher on a minority suspect so people don't think he's being more lenient to people of his own race. |
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Term
| Is the number of female officers increasing or decreasing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Has the DARE program been found to be a good use of police resources? Why? |
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Definition
The Drug Abuse Resistance Education program was started 1983 by the Los Angeles Police Department and Los Angeles schools.
Recent evaluations suggest that the program does little to prevent children from future drug use. |
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Term
| 42. Where did the police nickname “cop” come from? |
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Definition
| Community Oriented Policing |
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Term
| 43. If federal law enforcement have a big jurisdiction (the entire US), how are they more limited than local police? |
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Definition
| NON ANSWER - CHECK CHAPTER |
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