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| *advocate organized enforcement *appointed magistrate of London |
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| *advanced an organized police force *wrote the first police bill which passed Parliament |
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| Federal Law Enforcement Agencies: |
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- Crime detected
- Preliminary investigation
- Follow-up investigation
- Arrest and clearance
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| stop, frisk, order someone out of car, power to question, and detain |
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| use force, power to search, exercise seizure and restraint |
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| an amount of reliable information indicating that it is more likely than not that evidence will be found in a specific location or that a specific person is guilty of a crime |
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| police officers use their authority to deprive people of their liberty or property |
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| chief mechanism for protection against illegal search and seizure |
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| “All evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Constitution is inadmissible in state court.” |
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| Inevitable discovery rule |
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Nix v. Williams (1984) - can admit evidence illegally if shown that would have been discovered inevitably by legal means
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Miranda v. Arizona (1969) - right to remain silent - statements will be used against you -right to consult attorne - state will provide if cannot afford |
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1. environmental 2. departmental 3. circumstances |
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1. external 2. educational 3. personal 4. operational |
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| Tennessee v. Garner (1985) |
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| level of force must be reasonable |
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| acts involving the misuse of authority by a police officer to produce personal gain for himself or for others |
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1. meat- eaters 2. grass- eaters |
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1. Gratitudes 2. Bribes 3. Theft and Kickbacks 4. drugs and money 5. participation in organized crime |
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| Officer cauht stealing 8 bags of cocaine from evidence room |
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