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Criminal Justice P100: Introduction to Criminal Justice
Entry level
64
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 1
11/28/2010

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Term
Open system
Definition
Recognizes that outside forces shape how the system operates.
Term
closed system
Definition
Objective when dealing with criminal offenders
Term
Crime index
Definition
Inclusive measure of violent and property crimes. Part 1 offences of the UCR.
Tool for state/state and historcial comparison
Crimerate = # crimes/population
less than ideal comparison
Term
Criminal justice funnel
Definition
Describes criminal justice system.
A funnel by which there are more people goin in the system than when compared to those who actually get convicted.
prevents overburden of system
However, less serious offenders are not incarcerated.
Term
Dark figure of crime
Definition
crime not reported to the police and that remains unknown or measured.
Term
NCVS
Definition
Bureau of Justice - Survey of US housholds to determine extendt of criminal victimizations.
Term
NIBRS
Definition
National Incident based reporting system
data on every single crime occurrence
will soon supersede traditional data of UCR
Term
UCR
Definition
FBI publication - Incidence & rate of reported crimes in the US
Term
Crime control Theology
Definition
Assumptions that are almost religious beliefs without impirical evidence
idealized worlds of hope and fear
Term
Evidence - Based crime policy
Definition
Scientific method -
Defines standards - empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the policy
experimental research design
replication/use of systematic review of studies
helps to defuse crime control theology
Term
Formal Justice
Definition
Same rules and regs applyt to all cases.
Equal in all circumstances
Asserts due process as primary concern
Suggest that if not used due process isn't given
Term
Informal Justice
Definition
Discretionary power regardless of legal constraints
peopletreated differently for similaroffenses
maycomprise issues of due process
Term
Wedding Cake
Definition
Top level - celebrated - distorted.
Second level - serious - prior record
Third level - Less serious felonies
bottom level - Misdemeanors - not considered real threat.
Term
Substantive criminal law
Definition
defines crimes and specifies punishments
Term
Rule of law
Definition
Supremacy of law
Belief that an orderly society must be governed by codes in a uniform and fair manner. No one is above the law.
Term
Mens rea
Definition
Literally - Guilty mind
The state of mind
pruposeful, knowing, reckless, negligent
Term
Actus Reus
Definition
Literally - Guilty Act -
The act in violation of law
some comspirarcy
Guilty act
ommission to act
threatning to act
attempting a criminal activity
Term
Conflict model
Definition
Assumes justice system compent's primary function is to serve their own interest
Term
Procedural law
Definition
Body of rules that determines the proceedings by which legal rights are enforced. It regulates the gathering of evidence and the processing of offenders by the criminal justice systems.
Term
Procedural law
Definition
Methods to be used to enforce substantive law
Term
Consensus model
Definition
Assumes justice system components work together hrmoniously to achieve justice
Term
Person oriented approach
Definition
focuses on rehab or deterence (eg. drug therapy)
intended to decrease criminal activity and restore social order
Term
Object-oriented
Definition
regulating the production of or possession of ojgect such as guns.Intent is to reduce need to produce in turn reduces likelihood people will have
Term
Crime control model
Definition
A perspective that emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders.
Term
Criminal justice
Definition
Criminal law itself
low of criminal procedure
acctivites having to do with private rights and remedies sought by civil actions.
Term
Place oriented approach
Definition
reulating movement of people. e.g airport secruity .
intent - provide security, reduce the ability of would be criminals to interact in certain places
Term
Social justice
Definition
Ideal that:
embraces all aspects of civilized life.
fundamental fairness
cultural beliefs of right and wrong
Term
due process model
Definition
5th, 6th and 14th amendments of us constitution.
due course of legal proceedings
protection of individual rights
Creating and defining offense
Term
Criminal Justice Process
Definition
1- investigation/arrest
2 Booking (admin, reason for arrest defined.
3 First appearance (charges, rights, bail)
4 Preliminary hearing (Enough evidence





3. First appearance (charges, rights, bail)
4. Preliminary hearing (Enough evidence?
jurisdiction? guilt?)
5. Information/Indictment - Written accusation, grand jury indicment.
6. Arraignment - first court apperance
7. Adjudication
8. Sentencing
9. Corrections
10. Probation/Parole.
Term
An indictment is a formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury alleging that a specified peron has committed a specific crime.
Definition
True
Term
The federal bureau of investigtaion complies the uniform crime report (UCR)
Definition
True
Term
At which state in the criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea?
Definition
Arraignment
Term
Once purpose of _______________ is to provide an opportunity for bail
Definition
The first appearance before the judge
Term
Which of the following data sources asks respondents to reveal an illegal activity in which they have been involved?
Definition
Self-report data
Term
Insights of the UCR
Definition
Identified 3 major shifts in crime rates hisotircally - 1940's when young men entered military, 1960's Increased crime with the swelling of the proportion of the american population in the crime-prone range and 1990 with a significant decrease in crime.
Term
Insights of NCVS
Definition
Has change way criminologists think about crime. New understanding of all types of crime and true scope of crime.
Term
Is crime policy worthless?
Definition
Many polices are indeed ineffective or harmful
a)drug abuse resistanced eduaction program.
b) some cause harm - Cambridge-Sommervilele Youth Study
We need to understand systemic drivers of crime
a) The role of ethnicity and income
b) Impact of the War on crime (huge increase in those in jail)
Evidence based crime policy is goof first step
a) evidence based policy making
b) crime control ideas rest on faith rather than facts
c) Importance of communicaty orientation and interdependency of crime policy.
Lastly - expense
Term
Identify and describe the criminal justice system
Definition
Term
Crime control model
Definition
Term
Due Process model
Definition
Term
compare/contrast various national crime-data gathering methods
Definition
Term
Expound upon relationship of criminal justice to social justice
Definition
Term
Nature of law
Definition
Centers on the belief that an orderly society must be gove3rned by established principles and known codes that are applied uniformly and fairly to all of its members.
The law is designed to preserve social order and applies to all residents tof the state or territory.
Term
Purpose of law in Western deomocratic societies
Definition
A society needs laws to uphold fairness and to prevent the victimization of innocents. SEE LIST IN BOOK
Term
Eight general features of crime
Definition
Actus reus
mens rea
concurrence
causation
harm legality puishment
necesssary attendant circumstances
Term
Four broad categories of criminal defenses that our legal system recognizes
Definition
Term
Why does schmallegar suggest that the criminal justice system be understood as crime control through due process.
Definition
Term
What does the paradox of the criminal justice system being both too lenient and too severe? How does this relate to concepts of informal and formal justice?
Definition
Term
Is the criminal justice system an open or closed system. aregu both sides.
Definition
Term
How do the three main points about the nature of law applye to What Do Lasws Do?
Definition
Term
What are the advantages and disadvantages of implementing laws that attempt to regulate guns and drugs. What are some of the unintended consequences of implementing such laws?
Definition
Term
Causation
Definition
Term
Harm
Definition
Term
legality
Definition
Term
Determining competency to stand trial
Definition
can the person understand the charges against him oor her?
Can the person assist an attorney in his or her own defense?
Term
Civial law provides a formal means for regulating noncriminal relationships among people, businesses, and toher agencies of government - true or false
Definition
True
Term
Which of the following refers to a traditional body of unwrittenlegal precedents created from everyday social customes, rules and practices?
1)law of the land
2) common law
3)case law
4) statutory law
Definition
2) common law
Term
The part of the law that specifies the methods to be used for enforcing substantive criminal law is:
Definition
procedural law
Term
Which of the following is not an element of a crime?
actus reus
mens rea
the concurrence of act of intent
Motive
Definition
Motive
Term
In the Andrea Yates murder trial, the jury had to decide if she know that murdering her children was wrong, in order to consider :
her insanity defense
her mental competence
her alibi
the necessity of the murders
Definition
Her insanity defense
Term
Victims statemsnt
Definition
Advantage - victim is hard and athey oversee punishment. Unintended - emotionalism., vengeance
Term
Victim Re-Contact Program
Definition
Advantage - victim does not feel alienated. Unintended frightened.
Term
Advance Notice
Definition
Advantage - advance notice of pre-trial relase hearing. Uninteded - false sense of security.
Term
Advantages & disadvantages of gun an drug laws.
Definition
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