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Criminal Justice law test 3
Chapter 9-12
91
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 4
05/06/2012

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Acquisitive offense
Definition
A crime that involves the unlawful acquiring or appropriation of someone else's property (includes; larceny, extortion, embezzlement, robbery, etc.)
Term
Larceny
Definition
the trespassory or wrongful taking or carrying away of personal property of another with intent to steal
Term
Tangible property
Definition
property that has physical form and can be touched, such as land, goods, jewelry, and furniture.
Term
Personal property
Definition
anything of value that is subject to ownership and that is not land or fixture
Term
Fixture
Definition
An item that is permanently affixed to the land
Term
Intangible property
Definition
property that has no intrinsic value but that represents something of value. (documents, deeds, etc)
Term
Real Property
Definition
land or fixtures
Term
Trespassory taking
Definition
for crimes of theft, a taking without the consent of the victim
Term
Asportation
Definition
the trespassory taking and carrying away (as of personal property in the crime of larceny or of the victim in kidnapping)
Term
Claim of right
Definition
a defense against a charge of larceny that consist of an honest belief in ownership or right to possession
Term
Embezzlement
Definition
the misappropriation of property already in the possession of the defendant. Also the unlawful conversion of the personal property of another by a person to whom it has been entrusted by its rightful owner
Term
Conversion
Definition
the unauthorized assumption of the right of ownership. conversion is central feature of the crime of embezzlement, as in the unlawful conversion of personal property of another by a person to whom it has been entrusted
Term
False Pretense
Definition
knowingly and unlawfully obtaining title to, and possession of the lawful property of another by means of deception and with intent to defraud
Term
Forgery
Definition
the making of a false written instrument or the material alternation of an existing genuine written instrument
Term
Uttering
Definition
the offering, passing, or attempted passing of a forged instrument with the knowledge that the document is false and with intent to defraud
Term
Criminal simulation
Definition
the making of false document or objects that does not have any apparent legal significances
Term
Receiving stolen property
Definition
Knowingly taking possession or control over property that has been unlawfully stolen from another/ or accepting property that the receiver knew was stolen or that he or she should have known it was stolen
Term
Robbery
Definition
the unlawful taking of property that is in the immediate possession of another by force or by threat of force. Also larceny from a person by violence or intimidation or by placing the person in fear
Term
Extortion
Definition
the taking of personal property by threat of future harm
Term
Blackmail
Definition
a form of extortion in which a threat is made to disclose a crime or other social disgrace
Term
Compounding a crime
Definition
the receipt of property of other valuable consideration in exchange for agreeing to conceal or not persecute on who has committed a crime
Term
Identity theft
Definition
the unauthorized use of another individual's personal identity to fraudulently obtain money, goods, or service to avoid the payment of debt or to avoid criminal prosecution
Term
Burglary
Definition
the breaking and entering of a building, locked automobile, boat, and so one with the intent to commit a felony or theft. Also, the entering of a striation for the purpose of committing a felony or theft.
Term
Constructive entry
Definition
in the crime of burglary, an entry that occurs when the defendant cause another person to ender a structure to commit crime or for felonious purpose.
Term
Criminal trespass
Definition
the entering or remaining on the property or in the building of another when entry was forbidden. Also, failing to depart after receiving notice to do so.
Term
Criminal mischief
Definition
the intentional or knowing damage or destruction of the tangible property of another
Term
Looting
Definition
burglary committed within an affected geographic area during an officially declared state of emergency or during a local emergency resulting from an earthquake, fire, flood, riot, or other disaster.
Term
Arson
Definition
The knowing and malicious burning of the personal property of another of the burning of ones own property if the purpose is to collect insurance money.
Term
intellectual property
Definition
a form of creative endeavor that can be protected though patent copyright, trademark, or other legal means.
Term
Computer Crime
Definition
a crime that employs computer technology as central to its commission and that could not take place without such technology
Term
Computer fraud
Definition
a statutory provison that makes it unlawful for any person to use a computer or computer network without authority and with the intent to 1)obtain property of service by false pretense 2) embezzle or commit larceny 3) convert the property of another
Term
Theft of computer services
Definition
the willful use of a computer or computer network with the intent to obtain computer services without authority
Term
Personal trespass by computer
Definition
the use of a computer or computer network without authority and with the intent to case physical injury to an individual
Term
Computer tampering
Definition
Illegally inserting or attempting to insert a program into a computer while knowing or believing the program with damage or destroy the computer
Term
Breach of peace
Definition
Any unlawful activity that reasonably disturbs the peace and tranquility of the community
Term
fighting words
Definition
words that inflict injury or tend to incite the immediate breach of peace ( these words are not covered under the 1st amendment)
Term
Disorderly conduct
Definition
specific purposeful and unlawful behavior that tends to cause public inconvenience, annoyance, or alarm
Term
Affray
Definition
A fight between two or more people in a public place to the to the terror of others
Term
Prize fighting
Definition
Unlawful public fighting undertaking for the purpose of winning an award or prize
Term
Unlawful assembly
Definition
a gathering of three or more people for the purpose of doing an unlawful act or for the purpose of doing an unlawful act
Term
Rout
Definition
the preparatory stage of a riot
Term
Riot
Definition
a tumultuous disturbance of the peace by three or more people assembled of their own authority
Term
lynching
Definition
the taking, by means of riot of any person from the lawful custody of a peace officer
Term
Rescuing a prisoner
Definition
a crime that is committed when one or more people rescue or attempted to rescue any person being held in lawful custody.
Term
Disturbance of public assembly
Definition
a crime that occurs when one or more people act unlawfully at a public gathering collected for a lawful purpose in such way as to purposefully disturb the gathering
Term
Vagrancy
Definition
under common law, the act of going about from place to place by a person without visible means of support, who was idle and who thought able to work for his or her maintenance , refused to do so and lived without labor or on the charity of others
Term
Vagrancy
Definition
under common law, the act of going about from place to place by a person without visible means of support, who was idle and who thought able to work for his or her maintenance , refused to do so and lived without labor or on the charity of others
Term
loitering
Definition
the act of delaying, lingering or idling about without lawful reason for being present
Term
Rebellion
Definition
deliberate, organized resistance by force and arms to the laws or operation of the government committed by a subject of the government
Term
Criminal Syndicalism
Definition
a doctrine advocating the use of unlawful acts as a means of accomplishing a change in industrial ownership or of controlling political change
Term
espionage
Definition
the unlawful act of spying for foreign government
Term
espionage
Definition
the unlawful act of spying for foreign government
Term
sedition
Definition
a crime that consist of a communication or agreement intended to defame the government or to incite treason
Term
Subornation of perjury
Definition
the unlawful procuring of another person to commit perjury
Term
Criminal contempt
Definition
deliberate conduct calculated to obstruct or embarrass a court of law
Term
Obstruction of justice
Definition
an unlawful attempt to interfere with administration of the courts, the judicial system, or law enforcement officers
Term
resisting arrest
Definition
the crime of obstructing or opposing a peace officer who is making an arrest
Term
misconduct in officer
Definition
acts that a public officeholder
1) has not right to perform
2) performs improperly
3) fails to perform in the face or an affirmative duty to act
Term
terrorism
Definition
the commission of traditional crime such as murder with the intention of coercing a population or influencing a government through fear or intimidation
Term
Treason
Definition
the crime of levying war against, or supporting the enemy of one's nation
Term
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance act of 1978
Definition
this is the primary federal statue governing the collection of foreign intelligence by federal law enforcement agents
Term
Habeas corpus
Definition
Literally "you have the body" a writ challenging the legality of incarceration
Term
Human smuggling
Definition
illegal immigration in which agent is paid to help a person cross a national border
Term
Trafficking in persons
Definition
the exploitation of unwilling or unwitting people through force, coercion, threat, or deception
Term
Sex trafficking
Definition
the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of commercial sex acts.
Term
Victimless crime
Definition
crimes where there is not victim (crimes against social values and interest)
Term
Prostitution
Definition
the offering or receiving of the body for sexual intercourse for hire
Term
Soliciting prostitution
Definition
the act of asking enticing or requesting another to commit the crime of prostitution
Term
Keeping a place of prostitution
Definition
knowingly granting or permitting the use of a place for the purpose of prostutution
Term
pimping
Definition
aiding, abetting, counseling or commanding another in the commission of prostitution
Term
pandering
Definition
soliciting a person to perform an act of prostitution
Term
pornography
Definition
the depiction of sexual behavior in such a way as to excite the viewer sexually
Term
obscenity
Definition
that which appeals to the prurient interest and lacks serious literary artistic political or scientific value
Term
prurient interest
Definition
a morbid interest in sex; Obsession
Term
lewdness
Definition
obscene behavior
Term
lascivious
Definition
that which is obscene or lewd or tends to cause lust
Term
fornication
Definition
vountary sexual intercourse between two people, one of whom is unmarried
Term
adultery
Definition
sexual intercourse between a male and female, at least one of whom is married to someone else
Term
crimes against nature
Definition
a general term that can include homosexual or heterosexual acts of anal intercourse, oral intercourse, and bestiality and they even apply to heterosexual intercourse in position other than missionary position
Term
bestiality
Definition
sexual relation with animals
Term
Buggery
Definition
anal intercourse
Term
Bigamy
Definition
the crime of marrying one person while still legally married to another person
Term
polygamy
Definition
the state of having more than one wife or husband at the same time
Term
incest
Definition
unlawful sexual intercourse with a relative through blood or marriage
Term
Gambling
Definition
the wagering of money or of some other thing of value
Term
drug
Definition
any of wide variety of substances having a physical or psychotropic effects on the human body
Term
controlled substances
Definition
a specifically defined bioactive or psychoactive chemical substance that come under the purview of the criminal law
Term
designer drug
Definition
a chemical substance that 1) has a potential for abuse similar or greater than that of controlled substance 2) is designed to produce a desired pharmacological effect 3) is produced to evade the controlling statutory provisions
Term
precursor chemical
Definition
a chemical that may be used in manufacture of a controlled substance
Term
forfeiture
Definition
enforcement strategy that allows all movie negotiable instruments, securities and of things of value furnished or intended to be finished by a person in exchange for a controlled substance to be seized
Term
RICO Statutes
Definition
1st law authorizing forfeiture as a criminal sanction. it was designed to prevent criminal infiltration of legitiment businesses .
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