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| The Rights guaranteed to all members of the American Society by the U.S Constitution(Bill Of Rights). These are important to criminal defendants facing formal processing by the criminal justice system. |
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| A federal law enacted in response to terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11th.Officially titled the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act, greatly broadened the investigative authority of law enforcement agancies throughout America. Also applicable to other crimes. |
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| Individual-Rights Advocate |
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| One who seeks to protect personal freedom within the process of criminal justice. |
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| The principle of fairness |
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| In the strictest sense, the criminal law, the law of criminal procedures, and activities having to do with the enforcement of this body of law. |
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| The Civil law, the law of civil procedure, and the array of procedures and activities having to do with private rights and remedies sought by civil action. |
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| An ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and that is linked to fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong. |
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| One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take procedure over individual rights. |
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| The aggregate of all operating and administrative or technical support agencies that perform criminal justice functions. The Baice divisions are law enforcement, courts, and corrections. |
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| A criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system's components work together harmoniously to achieve the soical product we call justice. |
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| A criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system's components function primarily to serve their own interests. According to this, Justice is more a product of conflicts within the system than it is the result of cooperation among component agencies. |
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| In criminal proceedings, a writ issued by a judicial officer directing a law enforcement officer to erform a specified act and affording the officer protection from damages if he or she performs it. |
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| A law enforcement or corectional administrative process officially recording an entry into detention after arrest and identifying the person, place, time, reason for the arrest, and the arresting authority. |
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| The Money or property pledged to the court or actually deposited with the court to effect the release of a person from legal custody. |
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A proceeding before a judicial officer in which three matters must be decided:
1)whether a crime was committed 2)whether the crime occured within the territorial jurisdiction of the court and 3) whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant committed the crime. |
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| A set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a particular other person has committed a specific crime. Also, reasonable grounds to make or believe an accusation. |
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| A formal, written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony. |
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| A group of jurors who have been selected according to law and have been sworn to hear the evidence and to dtermine whether there is sufficiant evidence to bring the accused toperson to trial, to investigate criminal activity generally, or to investigate the conduct of a public agency or official. |
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| A group of jurors who have been selected according to law and have been sworn to hear the evidence and to determine whether there is sufficiant evidence to bring the accused toperson to trial, to investigate criminal activity generally, or to investigate the conduct of a public agency or official. |
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| Strictly, the hearing before a court having jurisdiction in a criminal case, in which the identity of the defendent is established, the defendent is informed of the charge and of his or her rights, and the defendent is required to enter a plea. Also, in some usages, any appereance in crminal court prior to trial. |
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| In criminal proceedings, the examination in court of the issues of fact and relevant law in a case for the purpose of convicting or aquitting the defendant. |
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| One of two or more sentences imposed at the same time, after conviction of more than one offense, and served in sequence with the other sentence. Also, a new sentence for a new conviction, imposed upon a person already under setence for a previous offense, which is added to the previous sentence, thus increasing the maximum time the offender may be confined or under supervision. |
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| One of two or more sentences imposed at the same time, after conviction, for more than one offense, and served at the same time. Also, a new sentence for a new conviction, imposed upon a person already under sentence for a previous offense, served at the same time as the previous sentence. |
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| A right guaranteed by the 5th, 6th, and 14th ammendments of the united states constitution and generally understood, in legal contexts, to mean the due course of legal proceedings according to the rules and forms established for the protection of individual rights. |
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