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Crime Typology
n/a
229
Sociology
Undergraduate 2
11/25/2011

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Term
Public order crimes also known as victimless crimes
Definition
are crimes involving sexuality and morality
Term
Publie order crimes involve
Definition
acts that interfere with the operations of society and the ability of people to function efficiently
Term
Andrea Dworkin says
Definition
(about porn) women involved in adult films, far from being highly paid stars are dehumanized-turned into objects and commodities
Term
Patrick Devlin talks about the function of morality in the law
Definition
for society, is not something that is kept together physically; it is held by the invisible bonds of common thought. the bondage is part of the price society and mankind, which needs society, must pay its price
Term
Hart states
Definition
he is motivated by the fact that defining morality may be an impossible task
Term
Joseph Gusfield argues
Definition
the purpose of outlawing immoral acts is to show the moral superiority of those who condemn the acts over those who partake of them
Term
According to Hitwise it is TRUE
Definition
an internet monitoring corportation, online porn sites get about 3x more visits than the top 3 web search engins, including google, yashh and msn.
Term
by 2004, amnesty international estimates
Definition
135million of the worlds females will have undergone genital mutilation. custom and tradition are by far the most frequently cited reasond for mutilation, and it is often carried out in a tirual during which the young woman is initiated into adulthood. the surgery is done to ensure virginity, remove sexual sensation
Term
people like alice walker considers the procedure mutilation as
Definition
torture. and torture is not a culture, saying this she is referring to the indigenous people who do this as a tradition
Term
South african nations changed their laws and started fining people for mutilation procedures because
Definition
of outside pressure, people downing their culture/traditions 6,000 girls are still subject to female circumcision everyday in africa/middle east/muslim countries
Term
Stuart Roll
Definition
the guy who because rich off of selling mustard, ketchup, jelly, jam-he decided to branch out into prostitution, by sending ads in the newspaper seeking a companion/housekeeper. when women applied he proposed that they become prostitues
Term
Roll
Definition
said people need love badly
said all he wanted to do was cater to his customers needs and paying meticulous attention to detail like he did with his food business
Term
Is what Roll did illegal?
Definition
no, there is no law against lust, gluttony, avarice, sloth, envy, pride, or anger although they are considered the 7 deadly sins.
Term
how can immoral acts be distinguished from crimes?
Definition
by on the basis of the social harm they cause
Term
Alcohol, Motorcycles, tobacco
Definition
are all examples of being extremly harmful but these products remain legal to produce and sell.
Term
TRUE
Definition
more people die each year from alcohol-tobacco- auto related deaths than from all illegal drugs COMBINED
Term
Moral Crusaders
Definition
their popular targets are abortion clinics, pornographers, gun dealers, logging companies. ex:700club saysGAYs helped america become the way it is today
Term
Moral Crusaders are
Definition
rule creators who engage in activies to rid the world of behavior they consider wrong and depraved.
Term
moral crusaders are
Definition
fervent, righteous, often self righteous
Term
Some moral crusadersjustify their actions by claiming that the very structure of our insitituions and beliefs are in danger because of
Definition
IMMORALITY
Term
moral crusaders believe
Definition
porn disrupts family values
which they say should be ban
Term
Homosexuality
Definition
is still included in criminology
Term
gay bashing
Definition
violent hate crimes on gays
Term
homosexuality
Definition
refers to erotic interest in members of ones own sex
Term
Does engaging in homosexual behavior mean one is homosexual>?
Definition
NO
Term
some people engage in homosexuality because
Definition
heterosexual partners are not available. (examples why-prison)
Term
Is it possible to be a homosexual but not engage in sexual conduct with members of the same sex?
Definition
YES
Term
in america there are about
Definition
600,000 gay partnerships. more than 1.2million
Term
Sodom is the source of the term
Definition
sodomy(deviant intercourse)
Term
The bible implies that God destoryed the ancient cities of Sodom and Gomorrah because
Definition
their residents deviant behavior
Term
Homophobia
Definition
antigay feelings
Term
people who believe in the bible say being gay
Definition
is a sin
Term
Anti gays fear
Definition
that homosexuality is a contagious disease, or that they will seduce their children
Term
TRUE
Definition
some people develop a deep hate for homosexuals because they are insecure about their own sexual identity
Term
Supreme court says
Definition
homosexuality is legal
Term
the military
Definition
still bans OPENLY gay people from serving but has compromised with a dont ask dont tell policy
Term
problems for gays
Definition
-lost custody of their children
-seen as unfittable to be parents
Term
Is the tide turning for gays?
Definition
surverys show that a significant majority americans now support gays in the militry and equality in employment, housing, inheritance rights and social secutiry benefits
Term
TRUE
Definition
some states still punish gay people more harshly than heterosexuals.
Term
priests are a problem
Definition
-alot had engaged in sexual relations with minor children
Term
paraphilias
Definition
are bizarre or abnormal sexual practices involving recurrent sexual urges meaning they have sex with
1)nonhuman objects
2) humiliation or the experience of recieiving or giving pain
3) children or others who cannot grant consent
Term
(paraphilias) Buddhist texts contain references to sexually deviant behaviors 2000 yrs old
Definition
sexual activity with animals and sexual interest in corpes
Term
some paraphilias
Definition
wear clothing normally worn by the opposite sex
Term
Asphyxiophilia
Definition
plastic bag, mask, chest compression, oxygen deprivation to the brain to enhance sexual gratification
USUALLY THESE CASES ARE MALES
Term
Frotteurism
Definition
rubbing against or touching a person int he crowd, elevator or public area
Term
Voyeurism
Definition
obtaining sexual pleasure from spying on a stranger while he or she disrobes, engages in sexual behavior with another
Term
Exhibitionism
Definition
deriving sexual pleasure from exposing the gentials to suprise or shock a stranger
Term
Sadomasochism
Definition
deriving pleasure from receiving pain or inflicting pain on another
Term
Pedophilia
Definition
sexual pleasure thru sexual activity with prepubescent children.
Term
paraphilias
Definition
that involve unwilling or underage victims are illegal!
Term
prostituere
Definition
mean tO CAUSE TO STAND IN FRONT OF THATS where the word prostitution came from
Term
the earliest record of prostitution appears in ancient
Definition
mesopotamia, where the priests engaged in sex to promote fertility in the community.
Term
Back then all women were required to do temple duty
Definition
passing strangers were expected to make donations to the temple after enjoying its service
Term
Modern commerical sex appears to have its roots in ancient Greece, where solon established
Definition
brothels in 500 BCE
Term
christian religious leaders
Definition
tolerated prostitution as a necessary evil, this tolerance disappeared after the reformation
Term
prostitution
Definition
can be defined as granting non martial sexual access, established by mutual agreement of the prostitutes their clients and their employers for remuneration
Term
Sociologists call prostitutes
Definition
street level sex workers
Term
The street level sex workers actitivies are
Definition
1) activity that has sexual significance for the customer
2) economic transaction
3) emotional indifference
Term
People who became regulars views prostitution as
Definition
merely a service occupation
Term
the number of men who hire prostitutes
Definition
have declined
Term
the number of arrests for prostitution has
Definition
remained stable
Term
why have many men avoid visiting prostitutes
Definition
they fear disease, the ones that are permeant like AIDS
Term
UCR reports
Definition
80,000 prostitution arrests are made annually
Term
Trafficking may be the result of
Definition
manipulation, deception, abuse of authority, family pressure, violence, inequaility for women and children
Term
one million women and girl
Definition
are traffiked for sexual exploitation in sex industries
Term
what kinda countries were they coming from
Definition
mainly asia, but also russia-most popular today russians, urkaine
Term
Second wave
Definition
when women recruited thru a friend
Term
sex tourism
Definition
sex in a poorer country usually rich men have sex with younger women
Term
50,000 women and children every year are being trafficked
Definition
into the US, some for prositutions and some for sweat shops
Term
Types of prostitutes will now be discussed
Definition
-streetwalkers -bar girls - brothel - call girls - escort service/call houses - circuit travelers - skeezers -cyper -massage parlors/photo studios
Term
streetwalkers
Definition
-least attractive -lowest paid - most vulnerable mena dn women in the profession -many are young runaways - usually youngest type of prostitute -usually their money goes to drugs
Term
bar girls
Definition
-usually hang around bars, and wait for customers to pick them up -sometimes in the bars, girls are given credit for each drink they sale. - they are commonly found in towns with military bases
Term
brothel prostitutes
Definition
run by madams that house serveral prostitutes. a madam is a woman who employs prostitutues, supervises their behavior and recieved a fee for her services, which her cut is usually 40 to 60 percent of the prostitutes earnings.
-exists in nevada,
Term
call girls
Definition
aristocrats are call girls. some charge customers thousands per night and net more than 100,000 per yr. - call girls ceom from middle class backgrounds. they service upper class. they date book their clients.
-downfall they will be alone, and risk that unprotected by their stranger
Term
escort services/call houses
Definition
ad in the yellow pages, this combines the elements of brothel and call girl.they have a madam as well, but the madam maintains a list of prostitutes who are on call rather than living together in a house like TAXI DRIVERS. the call house insulates the madam from arrest because she never meets the clients or recieve direct payment
Term
circuit travelers
Definition
-move around in groups of 2 or 3 to lumber, labor and agricultural camps. they ask the foremen for permission to apply their trade, service the whole crew in an evenin and then move on. -sometimes girls are focused by the pimps to do this (the people who focused them were called ticketeros)
Term
skeezers
Definition
had an abuse problem. and they do it to support their drug habit.
Term
massage parlors/photo studios
Definition
it is common that they do not offer all services. usualy oral sex and manual stimulation are common. masseuse keep certain parts of their body covered.
Term
cyber prostitute
Definition
they set up personal websites or put listings on web boards.
Term
Becoming a prostitute?
Definition
both male and female street level sex workers often come from troubled homes marked by extreme conflict and hostility and from poor urban areas or rural communitites - grew up in a home without a father
Term
young girls who frequently use drugs at an early age
Definition
are most at risk for prostitution to support their habits.
Term
why are 3rd world countries usually prostitutes?
Definition
because it is linked to economic necessity
Term
prostitutes have a high chance of getting
Definition
AIDS
Term
Child prostitution
Definition
is not a recent development
Term
at the age of 10-12
Definition
girls are initiated into sex by family members, they have long histories of sexual exploitation and abuse
Term
Neil Alan Weiner
Definition
found that the problem of child sexual abuse is much more widespread than has been previously believed or documented
Term
about 20%
Definition
of sexually exploited children were involved in prostitution rings that worked across state lines
Term
Ferderal man act
Definition
prohibited bringing women into the country or transporting them across state lines for the purposes of prostitituon. often called the WHITE SLAVE ACT it carried $5,000 fine, 5 yrs in prison or both
Term
prostitituion is considered a misdemeanor today
Definition
punishable by a fine or short jail sentence
Term
prositition is illegal in all states except
Definition
nevada
Term
sexual equality view considers
Definition
the prostitute a victim of male dominance
Term
the free choice view
Definition
that prostitution if freely chosen, expresses womens equality and is not a sympton of subjugation
Term
both of these views argue
Definition
that the penalties for prostitution should be reduced(decriminialized) neither side adovates outright legalization. but decriminialization would relieve already desperate women of the additional burdern of severe legal punishment
Term
holland legalized brothels in 2001 but
Definition
ordered that they be run under a strict set of guidelines
Term
a women that works in nevada said
Definition
legalization helped. she found that the women remained HVI-free and felt after working in a secure environment than alone on city streets. most earned between 300-1,500 per day
Term
pornography comes from the greek word
Definition
porne-prostitute graphein meaning write
Term
suburban video stores also
Definition
rent and sell sexually explict tapes, which make up 15-30% of the home rental market
Term
the internet
Definition
offers 200,000 websites, the purpose of this material is to provide sexual titillation and excitment for paying customers
Term
obscenity (filth)
Definition
deeply offensive to morality or decency
Term
police and law enforcement officals
Definition
can legally seize only material that is judge to be OBSCENE. but it is so hard to determine what is obscene or what isnt
Term
TRUe
Definition
each yr more than a million children are believed to be used in porn or prostitution many of them runaways who plight is exploited by adults.
Term
The affects on the children
Definition
-physical problems-headaches loss of appetite or genial soreness. mood swings, psychological problems
Term
internet pornography
Definition
have not focused on its most dangerous form KIDDIE PORN. which sometimes involved pix of 4 and 5 year old girls in sexual encounters.
Term
Jenkins suggest
Definition
instead of focusing on users, efforts should be directed against the suppliers. KIDDIE PORN BE CRIMINALIZED
Term
does porn cause violence
Definition
the evidence is mixed up.
Term
some say
Definition
it has little effect. and the frequent use of porn was not related to sexual aggresion.
Term
men who were both at high risk for sexual aggression and frequent use of porn
Definition
were much more likely to engage in sexual agression than their counterparts who consume porn less.
Term
but even high levels of exposures to porn
Definition
do not turn nonaggressive men into sexual predators
Term
Convicted rapists and sex offenders reported
Definition
less exposure to porn than a control group of nonoffenders
Term
TRUE
Definition
there is more evidence that people exposed to material that protrays violence sadism and women enjoying being raped and degraded are also liekly to be sexually agreesive toward female victims
Term
TRUE
Definition
found that men exposed to violent porn are more liekly to act aggressively an hold aggressive attitudes toward women.
Term
buttt all this info
Definition
still it is not certain if it drives people to sexual violence.
Term
trafficking in obscenity, child porn, harassment, luring of minors
Definition
are all felonies punishes by long prison sentences
Term
the first amendment
Definition
protects free speech and prohibits police agencies from limiting the publics right to free expression
Term
for a work to be obscene
Definition
it must be shown to be utterly without redeeming social value
Term
Miller VS california
Definition
to convict a person of obscenity under the miller doctrine, the state of local jurisdiction must specifically define obscene conduct in its statute, and the porngrapher must engage in that behavior.
Term
TRUE
Definition
controlling sex for profit is difficult because of the publics desire to purchase sexually related material and services
Term
supreme court premitted
Definition
a zoning ordinance that restricted theaters showing erotic movies to one area of the city
Term
the state has the right to regulate adult films as long as
Definition
the public has the right to view them
Term
the law fobides sex oriented business within 500 feet of RESIDENTAL ZONES, SCHOOL, churchs, daycare centers
Definition
and 500 ft from other sex stores because it will then look like a red light district zone
Term
sex shops cannot only have sex things they must have
Definition
40% of their floor space and inventory are allowed to be dedicated to adult entertainment, the rest have to sale stuff like luggages, bags and tshirts etc.
Term
technology change
Definition
adult movie theaters are closing because people can buy and play movies at home on their own, also internet sex services include live, interactive stripping and sexual actitives
Term
CDA
Definition
controls the internet porn, making the site holders responsible if they see anything obscene. but as long as it isnt...the first amendment protects them
Term
CPPA (child porn prevention act)
Definition
expanded the federal pohibition on chil dporn to unclude not only porn images made using actual kids but also any visual depiction that is or appears to be of a minor engaging in sexually explicit
Term
the first amendment makes it difficult
Definition
to distinguish between images made using real kids and those produced by computers//since the courts ruling, the act has not been enforced
Term
rural areas are important staging centers
Definition
for the shipment of drugs across the country and are often the production sites for synthetic drugs and mary j farming.
Term
there is a great debate over legalization of drugs
Definition
-some consider it to be private matter - legalization could reduce the profit of selling illegal substances and drive suppliers our of the market.
Term
these substances are seen by some dangerous
Definition
believing that the criminal activity of users makes the term victimless nonsensical
Term
some say it should be legalized but
Definition
the distribution of drugs should be heavily penalized
Term
when did drug use being?
Definition
it was used for stimulation,relief, relaxtion and has gone on for thousands of years-mesopotamian writings indicate that opim was used 4,000 yrs ago, and was known FOR THE PLANT OF JOY
Term
at the time of crusaders
Definition
the arabs were using mary j and mexicans and south americans chewed coca leaves and used magic mushrooms in religious ceromonies
Term
in the early yrs of the us
Definition
opim was easily obtained. opium based drugs were used in various patent medicine cure alls. morphine was used extensively to relieve pain of wounded soldiers in the civil war
Term
religious leaders
Definition
were throughly opposed to the use and sale or narcotics. the mdecial literature of the late 1800s began to designate the use of morphine and opium as vice, a hibt, an appetite, and a disease.
Term
19th and 20th century
Definition
police described drug users as habitual criminials. the moral crusaders defined drug use as evil and directed that local and national entitites should outlaw the sale and possession of drugs
Term
TRUE
Definition
early antidrug legislation appears to be tied to prejudice against immigrating ethnic minorites
Term
the first international drug conference was held in
Definition
shanghai 1908 and the second was the HAGUE in 1912 the participants in these two conferences were asked to strongly oppose free trade in drugs
Term
temperance movement
Definition
was fueled by the belief that the purity of the US agrarian culture was beinf destroyed by the growth of the city
Term
irish, italian, european imiigrants
Definition
centers of degradation and wickedness
Term
18th amendment in 1919
Definition
the new americans prohibition of the sale of alcohol
Term
Volstead Act --the law
Definition
made it illegal to only sell alcohol not to purchase it.
Term
ISR looked at highschoolers
Definition
50,00 highschool students in the 8th 10th and 12th grades in almost 400 school across US reports havinf 5 drinks in a row in the past 2 weeks
Term
THe NSDUH collects info
Definition
from all US residents of households, noninstitutional group quarters and military bases where civilians lived
Term
According to the data
Definition
about 19.5 million americans aged 12 or older abou 8% were currently illicit drug users,
Term
Mary j
Definition
is the most common illicit drug
Term
NSDUh indicates
Definition
that drug use trends have been in decline since 1996 both men and women american still use alot of illegal drugs and they continue to do so from childhood into young adulthood and beyond
Term
CASA
Definition
show that alcohol abuse begins at an early age
children under the age of 21 drink abou 19% of the alcohol consumed in the US
Term
the age at which children begin drinking
Definition
is dropping
Term
talked about
Definition
being in the environment
have a sexual friend..youll probably have sex..if you date older men.youll probably use drugs or have sex etc
Term
ISR
Definition
say people who take their surveys should be honest, BUT they are not sure if they are 100% honest
Term
Dropouts may
Definition
be the MOST frequent users of dangerous drugs
Term
girls vs boy
Definition
girls are more willing to admitt taking drugs than boys
kids with 2 parents are less willing to admit taking drugs than kids with single parent homes
Term
Iv drugs
Definition
is closely tied to the threat of AIDs
Term
spread of AIDS began
Definition
1981
Term
1/3 of all IV drug users are
Definition
AIDS carriers
Term
most users (72%)
Definition
shared needles and altho some tried to use bleach as a disinfectant, the majority ignore this safety tip
Term
some jurisdictions have
Definition
developed programs to help these drug users and some have made an effort to teach users how to clean their needles and syringes, a few states have gone far to give out clean needles
Term
drug use may still be increasing among
Definition
poor, highschool dropouts, and other disadvantage groups
Term
subculture view>> PEER influence
Definition
a significant predictor of drug careers that actually grow stronger as people mature
Term
psychological view>>
Definition
said that ghettos arent the only area for drug use, middle class ppl do it to. it lies within emotional problems, personality disturbance, impaired cognitive functioning
Term
" " ^ people may turn to drug abuse
Definition
as a form of self medication in order to reduce the emotional turmoil of adolescene, deal with troubling impluses or cope with traumatic life experiences
Term
" " ^ studies found that
Definition
addicts suffer personality disorders, characterized by a weak ego, low frustration tolerance , anxiety, fantasises
Term
" " ^ many addicts exhibit psychopathic or sociopathic behavior characteristics forming what is called
Definition
an addiction prone personality
Term
about 53% of drug users and 37% of alcohol abusers
Definition
have atleast one serious mental illness
Term
genetic factors suggest
Definition
ppl whose parents drink, have a great chance of drinking. but environment plays an important role as well
Term
social learning
Definition
drug abuse may also result from observing parental drug use. children whose parents abuse drugs as more liekly to have persistent abuse porblems than the children of non abusers.
Term
having history of family drug and alcohol abuse
Definition
has been found to be a characteristic of violent teenage sexual abusers
Term
research indicates that adolescent alcohol abusers believe
Definition
that getting high will make them powerful increase their sexual performance (rational choice) do it not cause u have a problem but because u like the feeling. just having some fun
Term
some experts believe
Definition
in drug gateways
Term
a number of research efforts have confirmed this
Definition
GATEWAY MODEL
Term
adults who gave children alcohol
Definition
were giving them a head start in delinquent career. kids who begin using alcohol in adolescene become involved in increasing levels of deviant behavior as they mature
Term
Many hard core drug abusers
Definition
never actually smoked pot or used alcohol-american youths have tried may j only few actually progress to crack or heroin abuse
Term
Types of drug dealers
Definition
1. adolescents who distribute small amounts of drugs-involvement in the drug trade by using and distributing small amounts of drugs but they do not commit any other serious criminal acts.stash dealers-who sold drugs to maintain a consistenet access to drugs for their own consumption-their customers are always someone they personally know or acquaintances
Term
" "
Definition
2) adolescens who frequently sell drugs-most often multiple drug users or heroin or cocaina users are high rate dealers who bridge the gap between adult drug distributors and the adolescent user. -loan them drugs to sell without upfront cash-frquent dealers are more likely to sell drugs in public -hangout in parks,schools,deals irregualr
Term
" "
Definition
3) teenage drug dealers who commit other delinquent acts-are gang members they committ 40% of the robberies and assaults and about 60% of all teenage felony thefts and drug sales, these youths are frequently hired by older dealers to act as street level drug runners.
Term
" "
Definition
4) adolescents who cycle in and out of the justice system-youths that are failures at both dealing and crim. they do not have the savvy to join gangs or groups, they are unplanned and do it alone, they are usually heavily drug USERS. they are not trustworthy
Term
" "
Definition
5)Drug involved youth who continue to commit crimes as adults- 2/3 of substance - abusing youths continue to use drugs after they reach adult hood.-drug using persisters have low nonverbal IQs and poor physcial coordination
Term
" "
Definition
6)Outwardly respectable adults who are top level dealers- zell large quantities of drugs to support themseleves in high class lifestyles-they are drawn from professions and occupations that are unstable, have irregular working hours and accept drug abuse- like former graduate students, muscians,
Term
" "
Definition
7) smugglers- import drugs into US. they are usually men middle aged older, who have strong organizational skills, established connections, etc. they are loosely organized, competitive group of individual entrepreneurs
Term
" "
Definition
8) adult predatory drug users who are frequently arrested-many users who begin abusing substances in early adolescne continue in drugs and crime in their adulthood. -they have few skills-did poorly in school-have long criminal records-the threat of conviction or punishment has little effect on their criminal activities-they specialize in robberis, theftc,drug sales,burglaries in and out of jail
Term
" "
Definition
8)^^ street junkies live a very difficult life. lack of availability
9) adult predator drug users who are rarely arested-some drug users are winners they are known for their calculated violence. their crimes are carefully planned and coordinated. they often work with partners.-stablized junkies who have learned the skills needed to purchase and process larger amounts of heroin-they are employmable but earnings legitimate income does little to reduce their drug use or dealing activities
Term
" "
Definition
10) less predatory drug-involved adult offenders-most adult drug users are petty criminals who avoid violent crime-juss beginin their addiction- they jus graduate from highschool-and have regular employment that supports their drug use-do small things like petty thefts or pass bad checks.
Term
" "
Definition
11) women who are drug involved offenders-women are far less likely than men to use addictive drugs.-they are often involved in prostitution the low level drugsdealing- a few become top level dealers. many are prego or are already mothers, n because they share needles they are at high risk of AIDS
Term
it is possible that
Definition
1) crime causes drug abuse (smoke after robbing someone)
2) drug abuse causes crime (support your habit)
3) or crime and drug comes from X
Term
it is impossible to say
Definition
drugs cause crime
Term
2 approaches have been used to study drugs and crim
Definition
1) surverys known addicts
2) surverys criminals to see if they were or are drug users
Term
approach #1
Definition
shows that people who take drugs have entensive involvment in crime. youths who abuse alcohol are most likely to engage in violence during their life course but violence was rare 11% usualy they shop left
Term
approach #2
Definition
NSDUH survery found that youths who self reported deliquent behavior during the past yr were also more liekly to use illicit drugs
-prison inmates disclose that many 80% are lifelong substance abusers 1/3 say they were under the influence when they commited their last offense
Term
Cocaine
Definition
most common for the women
Term
Mary J
Definition
most common for the male
Term
yes most criminals are in fact substance abusers
Definition
but is still uncertain that drug use interferes with maturation and socialization
Term
in 1906 pure food and drug act
Definition
required manufacturers to list the amounts of habit-forming drugs in products on the labels but did not restrict their use.
Term
narcotic produces sleep and relieves pain such as
Definition
heroin, morphine, and opium
Term
The Mary J tax Act of 1937 required registration and payment of a tax by all who
Definition
imported, sold or manufactured mary j
Term
Boggs Act of 1951
Definition
provided mandatory sentences for violationg federal drug laws
Term
the durham-humphrey act of 1956
Definition
made it illegal to dispense barbiturates and amphetamines without a prescription
Term
trafficking one kilogram of heroin equaled
Definition
10yrs in prison
Term
Anti Drug Act of 1988 drug czar
Definition
against drug dealing imposed th death penalty for drug related killings
Term
some states now apply extremely heavy penalties for
Definition
selling or distributing dangerous drugs, involvin long prison sentences of up to 25yrs
Term
aimings to stop the drug flow to the country
Definition
punishing the dealers, cracking down on street level drug deals
Term
the enforcement of strict drug laws that carry heavy penalities
Definition
this approach is designed to capture and punish known international drug dealers and deter those who are considering entering the drug trade
Term
they wanted to
Definition
destroy over seas crops, cutt off supplies of drugs arresting members of drug cartels in asia, middle east, south america,
Term
the amount of opium grown each yr
Definition
even if they destroyed3 quarters the US market would still require only 10%
Term
reducing the amount of illegal drugs produced each yr
Definition
might have lil effect on US consumption
Term
drug users in the US are more able and willing
Definition
to pay for drugs than anyone else in the world
Term
US cant control
Definition
the decisions of other countrys to actually help them stop this drug war
Term
war and terrorism also may make source control strategies problematic
Definition
afghanistan is now 75% of the world opium supplier
Term
interdiction strategies
Definition
to protect Us borders, its so unprotected
Term
Law enforcement strategies
Definition
prosecute traditonal organized crime groups than to take on drug dealing gangs. for example the bikers.
mexicans/columbians everyone who is now competing for dominance
Term
when lare scale drug busts are made
Definition
supplies become scarce and market values increase encouraging more people to enter the drug trade
Term
punishment strategies
Definition
prosecution and punishement of drug offenders a top prority. very long sentences.25% of ppl convicted on federal drug charged are granted probation or some other form of community release
Term
some have gone so far into suggesting
Definition
that govnmernt agencies are either ignoring or covering up the toll harsh drug penaltites have on societys disadvantageed because it is politically expedient to be tough on defender
Term
community strategies
Definition
involvment of the local community, institutions are being brought together to create drug prevention and awareness programs, programs are suppose to reduce fear, incouraging people when they see something to call private and tell.
Term
^ being hard on the landlords
Definition
landloard have been sued for owning properties that house drug dealers;neighborhood groups have scrutinized drug houses for building code violations-improve neighborhood physical environment.
Term
^residents cleaning up the streets problem
Definition
some surveys indicate that most residents do not participate in the programs.
Term
Drug testing of private employees, gov workers, and criminal offenders is
Definition
believed to deter substance abuse
Term
why are workers tested?
Definition
to test their enhancement on the job safety and productivity
Term
40% of the companies
Definition
have drug testing programs
Term
the goal of drug testing is
Definition
improve productivity and safety
Term
treatment strategies
Definition
focus on building a sense of self, getting them clean of drugs and alcohol
Term
Methadone
Definition
is a drug similar to heroin and addicts can be treated at clinic where they recieve methadone under controlled conditions
Term
some users sell their methadone on the black market
Definition
others supplement their dosages with illegally obtain heroin
Term
the longterm effect of treatment on drug abuse
Definition
are still uncertain
Term
people who completed treatment programs are less likely to use drugs than
Definition
those who drop out
Term
more than4.1 million are drug dependent
Definition
only less than 1 million are receiving treatment-the treatment gap is most pronounced for adolescents: aged 12-2 dependent on illicit drugs is nearly 6x greater than the # receiving treatment
Term
employment programs
Definition
abusers who obtain and keep employment will end or reduce the incidence of their substance abuse
Term
the so called war on drugs is
Definition
expensive, costing more than 500billion over the past 20yrs-money that could have been spent on education and economic development
Term
drug enforcement and treatment cost
Definition
100billion per yr
Term
it is difficult to get people out of drug culture
Definition
because the enormous profits involved in the drug trade
Term
people are scared that
Definition
if drugs are legalized, people who intake more.
if drugs are legalized, taxes would have to be applied on to the drugs, but if people do not like the prices, they say they will smuggle the drugs in, and the black market underground will still be running
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