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| a wrong against society proclaimed by law. Highly circumstantial |
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| model that argues that as people form societies, they naturally decide on what is acceptable behavior.This model assumes people share the same morals. |
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| Evil in itself. Describes laws such as murder, which are inherently immoral across socities and time. |
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| evil because prohibited. Laws that are not so easily identified as immoral across time or society eg public intoxication, concealed weapons. These are sometimes called victimless crimes or public offenses. |
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| assumes that different segments of society, separated by social class, region income, age, and race, will inevitably have somewhat different value systems and shared norms, and these groups are engaged in a constant struggle with one another for control of society. |
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| oldest set of codes ever found. Included eye for an eye. |
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