Term
|
Definition
| Ignoring crime leads to community neglect and thus more crime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can't use evidence/testimony that is collected in violation of 4th and 5th amendments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| legal permission from a judge for police to do a search |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| likelihood that there is a link between a suspect and crime |
|
|
Term
| search incident to lawful arrest |
|
Definition
right of police to search a person who is arrested without a warrant
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| right of the police to gather evidence without a warrant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
terms that allow evidence collected in a warrantless search of a car if there is probable cause that a search could result in losing evidence
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
police can search a person for a concealed weapon on the basis of reasonable suspicion
terry v ohio |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| police can search w/e probably cause when not doing so could pose a threat of harm to the police |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| police can do a warrantless search or lack of probable cause if they act in good faith on the belief that the act was legal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| police can incapacitate or kill in the line of duty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| police practice using deadly force against a fleeing suspect unless there is present danger to civilians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| statement made by a person that might lead to criminal prosecution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provide protection from self incrimination and the right to an attorney the rights must be told to the offender before arrest and interrogation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| victims can identify a criminal from amongst a number of suspects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| restricting the freedom of a person by taking him or her into custody |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a promise that the accused will return for further questioning-$$ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 8th amendment prohibits bail that is excessive but there is no definition of excessive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| will help a person post bail for a certain % cost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pursue someone who has "jumped bail" and not returned to the court or paid back a bail bonds agent |
|
|
Term
| ROR-Release on Recognance |
|
Definition
| pretrial release of accused based on the defendants unsecured promise to appear at trial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concerned with the definition, regulation and enforcement of rights in non-criminal cases where both the person who has the right and the person who has the obligation are private individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| US Supreme court cases that mark significant changes in the interpretation of the constitution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| authority of the Supreme Court based on agreement by four of its members that a case might raise significant constitutional or federal issues to select a case for review |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| state courts that have the authority to review the proceedings and verdicts of general trial courts for judicial errors and other significant issues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a state court of final appeals that reviews lower court decisions and whose decisions can be appealed by the Supreme Court |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a defendant can be charged only once and punished only once for a crime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a panel of peers that decides whether there is probably cause to indict a defendant on the alleged charges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| power of a prosecutor to decide whether or not to charge a defendant and what the charges will be as well as to gather the evidence necessary to prosecute the defendant in a court of law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process through which a jury is selected from the members of the jury pool who have been determined to be eligible for service |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the judge rather than a jury makes the determination of guilty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| right to have an attorney provided free of charge by the state if a defendant cant afford one |
|
|
Term
| Pro se(legal representation) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the effect of television in what juries expect to be presented in trial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| negotiation between defendant and prosecutor for a plea of guilty for which in return the defendant will receive some benefit such as reduction of charges or dismissal of some charges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| negotiation for a reduction in length of sentence, reduction from capital murder to imprisonment, probation instead of incarceration, institution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| legal limits regarding the length of time between the discovery of a crime and the arrest of the defendant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a determination of whether the defendant should be released or confined to an institution for persons with mental illness |
|
|
Term
| Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity |
|
Definition
| a verdict by which that jury finds that a defendant committed the crime but was insane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a verdict where the jury finds a defendant mentally ill but was aware to be morally responsible for his or her actions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deterrence based on the premise that criminals should be punished because they deserve it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| administration of bodily pain as a punishment for a crime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| philosophy and practice that emphasizes making criminal behavior less appealing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people who witness the pain suffered by those who commit crime will desire to avoid criminal activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a person is likely to avoid committing future crimes based on the specific type of punishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deterrence based on the premise that the only way to prevent criminals from reoffending s to remove them from society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of an offender from community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the18th century practice by Great Britian of sending offenders to the American colonies and Australia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deterrence based on the fact that criminals can be cured of their problems and criminality and can be returned to society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deterrence that uses restitution programs, community work programs, etc to rehabilitate the offender and address damage done to victim and community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| testimony by victims at a convicted offender's sentencing hearing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a model of sentencing in which judges have nearly complete discretion in sentencing an offender |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the application of presumptive sentencing in states that cannot eliminate parole, the legal requirement that courts disclose the actual prison time that the offender is likely to serve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a model of sentencing in which the offender is sentenced to a fixed term of incarceration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crimes are classified according to their seriousness and a range of time to be served is mandatory for crimes within each category |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| confining an inmate such that there is no contact with people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a practice of some southern penal systems of leasing prisoners to private contractors as laborers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inmate cant bring a lawsuit in a civil court related to their treatment while incarcerated or conditions of incarceration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the reception and diagnosis of an inmate to decide the appropriate security level in which to place the prisoner and the services of placement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meet all of the inmates basic needs, discourage individuality, punish dissent, and segregate those who do not follow the rules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| socialization into a distinct prison subculture with its own values, morals, norms, and sanctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the informal rules and expected behavior established by inmates. often the prison code is contrary to the official rules and policies of the prison violation of the prison code can be punished by the use of violence or even death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the exchange of goods, services, and contraband by prisoners in the place of money |
|
|
Term
| disproportionate confinement |
|
Definition
| refers to the non random distribution of persons by race in correctional institutions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the highest security level of prison operated by the US bureau of prisons. supermax prisons are considered escape proof regardless of the resources of inmate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a trend toward jails and prisons being run by for profit private companies |
|
|
Term
| Prison Rape Elimination Act 2003 |
|
Definition
| required the bureau of justice statistics to survey jails and prisons to determine the prevalance of sexual violence within correctional facilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of mentally ill offenders from long term hospitalization to community based care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smuggled goods such as drugs porn money cigarettes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visit from family that is monitored |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the building of families within women's prisons where someone will play mother daughter husband son etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a strategy of crediting inmates with extra days served toward early release in an effort to encourage them to obey rules and participate in programs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a deffendant is offered an alternative to criminal trial and a prison sentence such as drug courts boot camps and treatment programs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disposition in which a convicted defendant is offered an opportunity to avoid serving any time in prison by agreeing to fulfill conditions set forth by the court |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| early release from prison based on evidence of rehabilitation and the good behavior of the inmate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individuals appointed to a body that meets in prisons to make decisions about granting parole release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an open access online database iding known sex offenders on parole to protect the public |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| federal and state rules with which parolees must comply to meet their conditions of release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grounds for imprisonment of a probationar or parolee based on their violation of conditions of release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a model of criminal justice system in which emphasis is placed on fighting crime and protecting potential victims |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Existing limitations of on how the police combat crime remain intact with a growth in community policing and advances in law enforcement technology will be used to protect citizens and personnel |
|
|
