Term
| Early Social Control(Reis) |
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Definition
failure of controls cause delinquency
-specifically external social controls such as: neighborhood, family, school
-personal controls: ablility to defer immediate gratification
*tests theory through sixth graders* |
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Term
| Early Social Control(Toby) |
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Definition
| stakes in conformity-attachments to society; things you dont want to risk losing b/c of crime |
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Term
| Early Social Control(Nye) |
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Definition
four concepts that cause conformity
-internalized control: child parent socialization *most important*
-indirect control:affectionate ties w/ other conforming ppl
-direct control:control by society formal(police) and informal(stigma)
-needs satisfaction:ability to satisfy needs serves as control |
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Term
| Early Social Control(Nye) |
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Definition
four concepts that cause conformity
-internalized control: child parent socialization *most important*
-indirect control:affectionate ties w/ other conforming ppl
-direct control:control by society formal(police) and informal(stigma)
-needs satisfaction:ability to satisfy needs serves as control |
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Term
| Social Bonds Theory(Hirschi) |
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Definition
-says there is one common value system
-book: causes of delinquency
4 social bonds:
-attachment:ties of affection
-commitment:investment of time, hopes, plans into conventional activities
-involvement:spending time doing things;staying busy, no time for crime
-belief: we all believe in one common value but there is variation to the way we act towards law
*test Richmond youth survey |
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Term
| Generalization of Social Bonds Theory(Hindelang) |
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Definition
| uses males and females(but only white) *finds support in explaining female crime |
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Term
| Generalization of Social Bonds Theory(Krohn & Massey) |
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Definition
| finds that it only explains minor delinquency(cannot be applied to serious crime) |
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Term
| Generalization of Social Bonds Theory(Agnew) |
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Definition
does find support that casual order weaker bonds lead to crime
*NYS data; longitudinal studies* |
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Term
| Self-Control theory(Robin's Paradox) |
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Definition
| antisocial adults were almost always deviant and criminal as children, but not all anti-social deviant children do not always become antisocial deviant adults |
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Term
| General Theory a.k.a low self-control theory(Goffterson & Hirshi) |
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Definition
describe crime as:
-mudane
-involves little planning
-easy
-porvides people who commit it with immediate gratification
-excitement
-gains are often quite small
-often offenders do not get away with it
describe crime as an act of force or fraud committed in the puruit of self-interest |
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Term
| Goffterson and Hirshi(cont.) |
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Definition
causes of crime
-low self control
you may not become criminal if:
lack of opportunity
express low self control through legitimate means(shopping) |
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Term
| Goffterson and Hirshi(cont.) Traits of Criminals |
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Definition
-risk taking behavior
-impulsive, without thinking, on a whim
-physical, rather then mental capabilities
-bad temper
-insensitive, do not care about others |
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Term
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Definition
| a social process theory which examines the process by which someone is defined/labeled as deviant; examines whether they internalize or accept this label;process by which ppl become deviant |
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Term
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Definition
founder of labeling theory
-there is no inherent label
-human acts become deviant when society labels them evil |
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Term
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Definition
| groups in society are in conflict and powerful ppl make rule to benefit themselves |
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Term
| Theory of the Deviant(Harris) |
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Definition
| typescripts-provides expectations about a group of ppl and how you think those ppl act in society |
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Term
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Definition
| ppl in society interact & respond, but also act upon external stimuli |
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