Shared Flashcard Set

Details

CRIM 3600 Ch. 6
Northeastern
15
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 3
02/24/2013

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Sampling
Definition
selecting part of a population
(1) to represent some larger population of people or things
(2) to generalize from a sample to an unobserved population the sample is intended to represent
Term
Sampling bias
Definition
those selected are not “typical” or “representative” of the larger population
Term
Equal probability of selection method
Definition
all members of the population have an equal chance of being selected in the sample
Term
random selection
Definition
each element has an equal chance of being selected independent of any other event in the selection process
Term
Sampling frame
Definition
list of elements from which a probability sample is selected.
Ex: lists of licensed drivers, automobiles owners, welfare recipients
Term
Sampling distribution
Definition
the range of sample estimates (mean)we will obtain if we select many samples.
Every increase in sample size improves the estimates of the mean because the sample means cluster more and more around the true population mean
Creates a normal or bell-shaped curve.
Term
sampling error
Definition
how closely the sample estimates will be distributed around the population parameter.

The sampling error is a function of the sample size – an inverse function.
As the sample size increases, the sampling error decreases
The sample will be more representative of the population
Term
Simple Random Sampling
Definition
The foundation of unbiased sampling.Assign a # to each element in the frame, not skipping any number in the process. A table of random numbers, or a computer program for generating them, is used to select elements for the sample.
Term
Systematic Sampling
Definition
Choose all elements in the list for inclusion in the sample.select every 10th element for our sample.
Term
systematic sample with a random start
Definition
selecting a random number between 1 and 10 to ensure against bias. The element having that number, plus every 10th element following it, is included in the sample
Term
stratified Sampling
Definition
organize the population into homogeneous subsets (with heterogeneity between subsets) and select the appropriate number of elements from each.
To get a stratified sample of university students, we first organize our population by college class and then draw appropriate numbers of freshman, sophomores, juniors, and seniors.
Term
Disproportionate Stratified Sampling
Definition
Select a number disproportionate to their representation in the population = oversample rare cases.
Ex: Because crime victimization for robbery or rape is relatively rare on a national scale, persons who live in large urban areas, where serious crime is more common, are disproportionately sampled.
Term
Multistage Cluster Sampling
Definition
(1)The list of primary sampling units is compiled.
(2)A sample of those units is selected.
(3)The list of secondary sampling units is then sampled, and the process continues.
Term
Convenience Sampling
Definition
Relying on available subjects – stopping people at a street corner
Term
Purposive Sampling
Definition
To select a sample on the basis of our own knowledge of the population, its elements, and the nature of our research goals;
Based on our judgment and the purpose of the study.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!