Term
| Monitoring / Surveillance |
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Definition
at the national level, two series of crime measures seek to assess the magnitude, nature, and impact of crime in the nation
Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) |
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| overnment agencies are obliged to keep records that document their actions and areas of responsibility |
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| measures of crime are made for research purposes that are distinct from the purpose of monitoring/surveillance or accountability |
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Term
| What Offenses will be included |
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Definition
| a conceptual definition of crime is needed |
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Term
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Definition
crimes involve four:
(1) Without an offender, there is no crime, so a crime must, at a minimum, involve an offender.
(2) Crimes require a victim.
(3) Offense = an individual act of burglary, auto theft, bank robbery, assault, rape, murder, etc.
(4) Incident = one or more offenses committed by the same offender, or group of offenders acting in concert, at the same time and place |
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Term
| 2 ways police come to know about crime |
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Definition
observation
reports from citizens |
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counted if reported and recorded by police.
Murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson |
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counted only if suspect has been arrested and charged with a crime.
Shoplifting, fraud, prostitution, simple assault, vandalism, weapons offenses. |
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| if multiple crimes are committed in a single incident, only the most serious is counted. |
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| Participation is Voluntary for UCR; thererfore... |
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| = inconsistency exists in the quality of data which produces problems with reliability. Suffers from clerical, data processing problems, staff shortages and outdated computer programs/equipment. |
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| rate of offenses for the nation, states, and individual agencies; arrest, clearance, and law enforcement employee data. |
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Term
| FBI's HATE CRIME STATISTICS |
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Definition
| data regarding incidents, offenses, victims, and offenders in reported crimes that were motivated in whole or in part by a bias against the victim’s perceived race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or disability. |
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| FBI's LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED & ASSAULTED |
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| data concerning the felonious and accidental line-of-duty deaths and assaults of law enforcement officers such as weapons used, use of body armor, and circumstances surrounding murders and assaults of officers |
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Group A offenses = 22 offense categories made up of 46 specific crimes
Group B offenses = 11 categories for which only arrest data are reported |
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(1) Administrative segment = incident date and time; reporting agency ID
(2)Offense segment = type; attempted/completed; offender drug/alcohol use; location type; weapon used
(3) Property segment = type, value, and (for drugs and narcotics seized in drug cases) quantity of property involved in the incident
(4) Offender segment = offender age, gender, and race
(5) Victim segment = victim age , gender, and race; resident of jurisdiction; type of injury; relationship to offender; victim type: individual, business, government, society/public.
(6) Arrestee Segment - reported for all persons apprehended for the commission of Group A or B crimes. The object is to collect data on persons arrested, not on charges lodged |
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| respondents not accurately recalling when an incident occurred. |
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| 6+ similar but separate crimes that the respondent cannot describe individually to an interviewer. |
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collected by FBI since 1930
Has been widely used in criminal justice research.
The data include total crime counts for reporting agencies.
Crime reports are available for cities or counties.
UCR data CANNOT represent individual crimes, offenders, or victims as units. |
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Term
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Definition
Ask people whether they have been a victim of a crime.
Obtain information on crimes that were not reported to police.
Asking people about crimes that may have happened to them provides data on victims, offenders, and incidents.
Like an incident-based reporting system, a survey can provide more disaggregated units of analysis. |
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Term
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Definition
1972- US Census Bureau
Measures the dark figure of crime
Based on a nationally representative sample of households and uses uniform procedures to select and interview respondents
NCVS interviewers ask questions about victimization that refer only to the last 6 months. |
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Term
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Definition
Individuals age 12 or older living in households in the U.S. selected for the sample are eligible to be interviewed.
Data are obtained from a nationally representative sample of 76,000 households comprising nearly 135,300 persons.
Each housing unit selected remains in the sample for 3 years
7 interviews taking place at 6-month intervals
First contact for the survey is in person.
The interviewer may then conduct subsequent interviews by telephone |
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Definition
Ask people about crimes they may have committed.
How truthful are people?
The best method available for trying to measure certain crimes that are poorly represented by other techniques. |
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