Term
| Features of the barrel of a shotgun. |
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Definition
| A bored barrel, no rifling. Made to shoot multiple projectiles are one that spray in all directions |
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Term
| Features of the barrel of a rifle |
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Definition
| A rifled barrel with lands and grooves in either a left or right direction. |
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Term
| Purpose of rifled grooves in the bore of a gun |
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Definition
| To cause the bullet to spiral either left or right in order for the singular bullet trajectory to be straight. |
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Term
| Recovery of weapons from an underwater location |
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Definition
| Use magnets to gather any cartridge casings or bullets. When collecting gun, rust occur rapidly, so gather the water around the fun. |
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Term
| What evidential marks or impressions are present on a cartridge case? |
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Definition
| Firing pin impressions, breech face striations, ejector marks, and extractor marks |
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Term
| What evidential marks or impressions are present on a bullet? |
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Definition
| Rifling striations, land and groove impressions |
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Term
| Class characteristics on a cartridge case |
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Definition
| Manufacturer label on headstamp, caliber, shape, and composition. |
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Term
| Individual characteristics on a cartridge case |
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Definition
| Firing pin impressions, breech face striations, ejector marks, and extractor marks |
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Term
| Class characteristics on a bullet |
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Definition
| Rifling direction of the gun or striation, the number of lands and grooves, width, depth, pitch and twist of the rifling. |
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Term
| Individual characteristics on a bullet |
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Definition
| Unique striations from the tools that made the rifling, due to the wear and use of the tool. Wear and use of the gun itself can cause unique markings. Wear from abuse of the gun from not taking care of the gun. |
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Term
| What are some examples of impressed tool marks? |
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Definition
| an impression after contact, examples: the hammer hits the rear of the bullet casing, a mallet on a car door. |
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Term
| What are some examples of striated tool marks? |
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Definition
| A movement after contact, examples: striations on the side of a bullet |
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Term
| Purpose of evaluating the distribution of gunpowder particles (GSR) around a bullet hole |
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Definition
| For the purpose of determining the distance between muzzle and the target distance. |
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Term
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Definition
| The diameter of the bullet in inches. |
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Term
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Definition
| The number indicates the amount of lead balls that can be made out of a pound of lead. Only referring to shotguns and shells |
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Term
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Definition
| Metal tools cut or presses grooves into the barrel of the gun in order to make a bullet rotate left or right for better accuracy. This creates lands and groover in the barrels, which leave class and individualized markings on bullets as the pass through. |
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Term
| What is the Modified Greiss test used for in firearms related evidence? |
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Definition
| The Modified Griess Test is a test to detect the presence of nitrite residues. When a firearm is discharged nitrite particles are expelled from the muzzle of a firearm and can be imbedded in or deposited on the surface of a target. The Modified Griess Test is the primary test used by firearms examiners to determine a muzzle-to-garment distance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Injury or disease which begins a sequence of events that leads to death. i.e. a gunshot wound, a stab wound. |
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Term
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Definition
| The physiological abnormality that directly results in death. i.e. hemmorhaging, loss of blood, cardiac arrest, organ failure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Explains the circumstance surrounding the death. i.e. homicide, suicide, accidental. Who is responsible for the death? |
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Term
| Ways of positively confirming the identity a decedent |
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Definition
| Nuclear DNA, Dental records, Visual confirmation, fingerprints, prosthetic with serial number, breast implants, and skull and pelvis remains |
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Term
| Ways of tentatively identifying a decedent |
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Definition
| Personal belongings, scars, tattoos, chest bones, Mitochondral DNA, and other presumptive identification |
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Term
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Definition
| Slash wounds, Incision wounds, or puncture wounds |
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Term
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Definition
| Long cuts that are superficial. |
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Term
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Definition
| A wound where depth exceeds length, also known as a stab wound. |
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Term
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Definition
| Results in contusions, abrasions, lacerations, fractures, or ruptures of vital organs. Can be caused by anything from a bat to a projectile. |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal hemorahging or bruising |
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Term
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Definition
| Rubbing the surface, a scrape |
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Term
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Definition
| piercing of the skin, where the length of the wound is greater than the depth. Made by a sharp object. Subsurface tissue is exposed in an almost oval fashion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tearing and ripping apart by a blunt object. |
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Term
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Definition
| An effect of blunt force trauma where connective tissue is present connecting an open wound. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rigidity- Stiffness of muscles - starts 2-4 hours of death. Jaw, elbow, and knees become stiff by 24 hours. The higher the body temperature, the fast this happens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lividity - Color change - Blood that is not pumped is pulled down due to gravity. Starts in 1 hour, permanent in 8-12 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
| White area during livor mortis, area without blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Temperature of the body becomes colder. Temperature drops 1.5 degrees F per hour at 75 degrees F. |
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Term
| Name examples of plant fibers |
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Definition
| Cotton, Hemp, Bamboo, Cellulose for Rayon |
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Term
| Name examples of synthetic fibers |
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Definition
| Nylon, Acrylic, Polyester |
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Term
| What properties are examined when comparing two fibers? |
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Definition
| Color, Diameter, cross sectional shape, and delusterants |
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Term
| What features of hair is most important in making a species identification? |
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Definition
| The cuticle shaped of either coronal, spinous, or imbricate. |
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Term
| In what stage of hair growth can a hair most readily be shed from the scalp? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the pigment granules that impart hair with color found? |
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Definition
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Term
| Beard hairs are coarse and normally what shape in cross-section? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nuclear DNA typing can be most successfully accomplished on hairs that have been removed during which stage of growth? |
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Definition
| Anagen hairs are the most successful in nuclear DNA typing |
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Term
| Animal hair can be best distinguished from human hair by examining what features? |
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Definition
| Medula in humans are continuous, fragmented, or absent. Medulas in animals are continuous and have a thicker area than the cortex. The cuticle for humans and primates are imbricate patterned, while animals are coronal or spinous. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern that looks like stacked "crowns". Cattle and rodents have these times of hair cuticles |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern that looks like spines. Dogs and cats have these types of hair cuticles. |
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Term
| Imbricate cuticle pattern |
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Definition
| A pattern that looks overlapping like roof shingles. Humans and primates have this type of hair cuticle. |
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Term
| Typically, how many standard/reference hairs are collected from a suspect for comparison with evidence hair? |
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Definition
| 50 full length hairs from all areas of the scalp: 10 each from front, back, top, left, and right. 25 full length pubic hairs. |
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Term
| Where is the cartridge chamber in a pistol? |
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Definition
| The cartridge chamber is in the handle of the gun. The cartridge are ejected out of these types of guns. Able to locate where the shooter was based on the surrounding cartridges |
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Term
| Where is the cartridge chamber in a revolver? |
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Definition
| The cartridge chamber is in the revolving cylinder of the gun. These guns retain the cartridge in the gun. |
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Term
| What are the three layers of the hair shaft? |
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Definition
| Cuticle, Cortex & Medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| Outside covering make of overlapping scales |
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Term
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Definition
| inner layer made of keratin and imbedded with pigment |
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Term
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Definition
| Inside later running down the center of the cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
| Air sacs inside the cortex |
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