Term
|
Definition
| Community Role (Informal Social Control) & Police Functions (Formal Social Control) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Informal Social Control (ISC), the regulation of people and behavior through norms. Instills discipline. |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Informal Social Control |
|
Definition
| school, neighbors, parenting, church, boy scouts, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a.k.a. Formal Social Control (FSC), order maintenence and crime fighting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-crime issues, keeping the peace, disorder, people fighting, disputes, concerned with public safety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Serious offenses, arrests, investigation, pursuits |
|
|
Term
| Early Communities in the Colonial Era |
|
Definition
| Small, all look the same (same religion and race), control with intense surveillance with the church as the governing body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| public punishment used as a deterrent |
|
|
Term
| Role of Police in Colonial Era |
|
Definition
| Low need for law enforcement. Service was poor quality, not used to prevent crime, only to deal wit crime. ISC very high, emphasis on order maintenence. |
|
|
Term
| Sheriff in the Colonial Era |
|
Definition
| Administrator of government work. |
|
|
Term
| Constable in Colonial Era |
|
Definition
| Day to Day law enforcement person. Executing warrants and arrests. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Males, age 16-60, in the community, expected duty to patrol and watch for anything wrong that could happen. All they did was yell and alert people. |
|
|
Term
| Communities in the Industrial Revolution Era |
|
Definition
| Industrialization eliminate the need for farms. Urbanization expands city centers, more people living together, with more diversity. Immigration of Germans, Irish, Dutch headed to big cities to work for factories. Rising rates of riots and crime. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Passed in England, 1829. Birth of Modern Policing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Laid out the Modern Policing Model |
|
|
Term
| Modern Policing Model of 1829 |
|
Definition
| The mission of deterring crime, with the strategy of preventative patrol put in fixed beats to be visible to the public, and a quasi-military organization for disciplinary purposes. |
|
|
Term
| Political Era of Policing |
|
Definition
| 1830-1900, Corruption in United States policing due to municipal control, rather than national control. |
|
|
Term
| Reasons for U.S. resistance to Policing in the Political Era |
|
Definition
| U.S. fought the British to rid the Quartering Act (where soldiers are housed in homes). Concern of being controlled by corrupt police. Concern about increased taxes to pay for the police. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movies depicting police as idiots or jerks. |
|
|
Term
| Quality of Policing in Political Era |
|
Definition
| No standards, training, or quality control. Got police jobs through political connections. They made $950 per year (high paying for the time). Bad quality, slacked off, untrained, corrupt, and lazy. |
|
|
Term
| Police Community Relations in the Political Era |
|
Definition
| Too few officers, high turnover due to change in political office. Abusive to the public, public hostile to police. Arrests frequently resisted. Violence to police so bad that they started arming themselves with firearms. |
|
|
Term
| Emphasis of Policing in Political Era |
|
Definition
| Order Maintenence emphasis, but also housed homeless, animal control, soup kitchens, determined health code violations. |
|
|
Term
| The Reform Era of Policing |
|
Definition
| 1900-1970, change was needed with police, defined the profession of policing (no more homeless and soup kitchens). Removed political influence. Call for real, qualified, military trained police chiefs. Raised personnel standards (Health, I.Q., proper training). Creation of special units (Traffic, Vice, Gang, juveniles, etc) to gain more professionalism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Father of American Policing. Chief of Berkeley Police Department 1905-1932. Also Chief of LAPD for one year. |
|
|
Term
| Innovations of August Vollmer |
|
Definition
| Radios in police cars, motorcycle and bicycle patrols, record systems (fingerprints, M.O. records), polygraph examinations, use of scientific crime lab at the police agency, school of criminalistics (Forensic Science). Advocated for a focus on social work, on the community and order maintenence. Created "Police Science" or Criminal Justice field. Required police to have college education. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1905 in Portland - Lola Baldwin, 1910 in LAPD - Alice Debbens Wells. Both were not on patrol. |
|
|
Term
| Creation of FBI and State Agencies |
|
Definition
| 1908 - creation of these agencies created legitimacy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1919 - Sparked by the rise of unions. Officers have not had pay raise in 20 years, 70% of police go on strike. Chaos, looting, and riots ensue. State calls militia for assistance. All states pass laws forbidding the police to go on strike. |
|
|
Term
| Crime Waves during Reform Era |
|
Definition
| 1920-1930, 1929 Great Depression and Prohibition created crime waves of gangsters and bank robbers. These criminals were heralded as folk heroes, which added pressure to FBI. Gangsters looked out for the people and bank robbers were sticking it to the man. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Developed in the 1920's and 1930's, taken over by FBI. Defined Part I and Part II offenses. For the 1st time, going to the statistics to how good of a job the police are doing tied with Part I offenses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Statistics in the Uniform Crime Report, Most serious offenses (Homicide, rape, car theft, arson, etc.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Statistics in the Uniform Crime Report, all other less serious offenses. |
|
|
Term
| New Technologies of 1920-1930's |
|
Definition
| Telephone to call the police, Patrol cars to chase criminals in their cars and puts distance between police and public and increased response time. 2 way radio to get the calls to the police in their cars. |
|
|
Term
| Intended Outcome of New Technologies in 1920-1930's |
|
Definition
| Police wants to be relied upon and professional. Tell people to keep out of policing. |
|
|
Term
| Unintended Outcome of new technologies in 1920-1930's |
|
Definition
| Police unable to respond to everyone and meet demand of the growing population. |
|
|
Term
| New Emphasis in 1920-1930's |
|
Definition
| From order maintenence to crime fighting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1960-1967 Superintindent of Chicago P.D., Chief of Fullerton P.D., Dean of U.C. Berkeley School of Criminology, Wrote "Police Administration", considered the Bible of Policing. |
|
|
Term
| "Police Administration" book |
|
Definition
| Written by O.W. Wilson. The Bible of Policing. Emphasized Omnipresence of Police (Police always around, everywhere), Preventative patrol as a deterrance. 1 Officer Units are more efficient. Rapid response times, and tight chain of command to eliminate corruption. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supreme court rulings restricting police actions (Miranda Rulings, Warrants Needed). Civil Rights Movement, Anti Vietnam War Protests resulted in lots of marches and boycotts. Desegregation. Assassinations of JFK, MLK, RFK, scares the public, uncomfortable, living in violent times. |
|
|
Term
| President's Crime Commision |
|
Definition
| President Lyndon B.Johnson's multiple recommendations on how to fight crime. Police need to be better trained. Community Crime Prevention emphasized, police can't do this alone, needs neighborhood watch. Created the National Institute of Justice, Federal Government funding for Criminal Justice. Opened flood gates on police research and keeping a close eye on Policing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Students for a Demographic Society occupied a park after Mayor's warning not to do that. Students disobeyed Mayor and occupied the park. Police came with tear gas and beat the students. 1st time live broadcast on TV of police brutality. Calls in question on the professionalism of police. |
|
|
Term
| The Community Era of Policing |
|
Definition
| 1970-2000, Studies found that traditional policing of the 1920-1930's is ineffective in the areas of preventive patrol, rapid response, and investigation effectiveness of detectives. Better trained personnel (50% cops have college education), more minorities on patrol, women allowed to be on patrol. Control discretion of Police, more policies written for use of force and deadly force rules. Citizen oversight commissions to review police actions by non police citizens. |
|
|
Term
| Emphasis on the Community Era of Policing |
|
Definition
| Going back to Order Maintenence and Community Policing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Post 9/11/2001, Community Vs. Homeland Security emphasis. Community Policing is still alive and well, but more homeland security policies for emergency response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Approximately 50 different agencies that deal with law enforcement. Enforce federal laws, many agencies have overlapping duties. Agencies competing for funding, not willing to cooperate with each other |
|
|
Term
| Post 9/11 Federal policing |
|
Definition
| More emphasis on stopping terrorism, by creating the Department of Homeland Security, it eliminated competitiveness regarding information. Massive reorganization of the agencies and duties. |
|
|
Term
| State Agencies in the U.S. |
|
Definition
| 49 states have state agencies, only Hawaii does not have a state agency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| California Highway Patrol is the state agency of California |
|
|
Term
| Centralized model of Policing |
|
Definition
| The agency performs all functions: Patrol, Investigation, and Database. |
|
|
Term
| Decentralized Model of Policing |
|
Definition
| The duties of patrol and investigations are split between 2 or more agencies. |
|
|
Term
| 1/2 of all state agencies... |
|
Definition
| ...provide crime labs to local agencies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...have training academies for local agencies. |
|
|
Term
| Additional duties of State Agencies |
|
Definition
| Department of Motor Vehicles & Patrol of State Parks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An elected position, which gives greater independence. The people decide whether or not they stay as sheriff. More Susceptable to corruption. |
|
|
Term
| Full Service Model (of Sheriffs) |
|
Definition
| Sheriffs who serve in law enforcement, jails, courts & subpoena services. |
|
|
Term
| Law Enforcement Model (of Sheriffs) |
|
Definition
| Sheriffs who only deal with law enforcement and do not deal with courts or jails. |
|
|
Term
| Civil-Judicial Model (of Sheriffs) |
|
Definition
| Sheriffs who only work in courts and serve subpoenas. No Law Enforcement or Correctional duties. |
|
|
Term
| Correctional-Judicial Model (of Sheriffs) |
|
Definition
| Sheriffs who only deal with jails and courts. No Law Enforcement duties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most common agencies. Comprises of 65% of all agencies in the United States. |
|
|
Term
| The Big 6 Municipal Police Departments |
|
Definition
| NYPD (35,000 officers), Chicago P.D. (12,000 officers), LAPD (10,000 officers), Philadelphia P.D. (6,600 officers), Houston P.D. (5,400 officers), Detroit P.D. (4,000 officers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...7.5% of the U.S. Population, 23% of violent crimes in United States, & 13% of all U.S. Police Officers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...provides a distorted image of policing in the United States. Most policing is small town policing, most policing are not dealing with violent crime. |
|
|
Term
| Private Policing & Security |
|
Definition
| Over 10,000 Agencies in United States. Been around since the beginning, providing protective services before the formation of the police in the United States. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Focus largely on loss control and prevention, accidents and costly mistakes. Stress Preventative means over detection and apprehension to control crime and disorder. Focus on private justice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The resolution of problems is left to the control and discretion of private police and their clients. |
|
|
Term
| Increased privatization of policing and security |
|
Definition
| Due to increased crime in business. Businesses are the customers. Increased fear of crime from the media. The bad economy creates budget cuts for law enforcement, decreasing peace of mind for business owners. |
|
|
Term
| Lack of quality control for private policing |
|
Definition
| No or minimal training. 29 out of 50 states have no regulations. Employees lack background checks. |
|
|
Term
| Problem with Private Policing |
|
Definition
| 4th Amendment does not apply to officers. Quality Control lacking. Lack of cooperation with police. Unafforability to poor, only protecting the rich. |
|
|
Term
| Similarities of Quasi-Military Organization to Military |
|
Definition
| Officers wear uniforms, have rank designations, authoritarian, legally allowed to use force. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Punishment for not obeying an authority or higher ranking official. |
|
|
Term
| Legally allowed to use force |
|
Definition
| To legally obtain weapons for the use of depriving a person's liberties |
|
|
Term
| Differences of Quasi-Military Organizations to Military |
|
Definition
| Emphasis on serving citizens (not fighting an enemy), services designed to help people at citizen's request, have individual discretion or have a judgement call. |
|
|
Term
| Criticisms of Quasi-Military Organizations |
|
Definition
| Creates a us vs. them mentality with the potential to mistreet and dehumanize citizens, the idea of "war on crime" and do whatever it take to win this war. Creates a lack of citizen cooperation. Punitive to mistakes without any reward for good things, creates low morale. Inflexible, resistant to change. Communications breakdown with ranks. |
|
|
Term
| Vertical Organizational Grouping |
|
Definition
| The higher rank you are the more authority you have, while the lower rank you are, the more supervision is given. Chief->Asst. Chief->Commander->Captain->Lieutenant->Sergeant->Officer/Detective. |
|
|
Term
| Horizontal Organizational Grouping |
|
Definition
| Grouped in the kinds of activity and splitting of tasks for different clientele. Special units like vice, juveniles, gangs, etc. Or tasks like crime patrol vs. investigation, crime lab, records, geography, time of shifts. |
|
|
Term
| Downward Organizational Communication |
|
Definition
| Job Instruction, Job rationale, Procedures and policies, Feedback on performance. |
|
|
Term
| Obstacles to Downward Communication |
|
Definition
| Breakdown of communication is common, messages from high up doesn't reach everyone below them. "Too many chefs spoil the broth". |
|
|
Term
| Obstacles to Upward Communication |
|
Definition
| Supervisor isolation, Organizational complexity, and no response. |
|
|
Term
| Obstacles to Horizontal communication |
|
Definition
| Competition between units and units being too specialized. |
|
|
Term
| Deviant Lying by the Police |
|
Definition
| To cover up violations of the law, in court, reports or to the organization. |
|
|
Term
| Legitimate Goals of Deviant Lying |
|
Definition
| Necessary evils to carry out duties. |
|
|
Term
| Illegitamate Goals of Deviant Lying |
|
Definition
| To Protect themselves or fellow officers |
|
|
Term
| Accepted Lying by the Police |
|
Definition
| Public accept the lie to serve the purpose of their jobs. Undercover operations. To media and the public about investigation details, to deny or plant wrong information to throw off a suspect or protect victims or witnesses. |
|
|
Term
| Tolerated Lying by the Police |
|
Definition
| Necessary evils to lie in interrogations in order to get a suspect to comply or testify. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interrogation technique where you lie to get a testimony. Can not lie about people dying, or dying declarations. Can lie about living people and what they say. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interrogation technique where you play head games with the suspect to get a testimony. Example: Empty boxes, but telling suspect that there is evidence inside. |
|
|
Term
| Illegal Interrogation Techniques |
|
Definition
| Physical Force, mental torture, threats, promises. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Must be advertised publicly in newspapers and job fairs, can not me referrals. |
|
|
Term
| Organizational recruitment goals |
|
Definition
| To target females and minorities. 90% have special strategies for minorities. Important to reflect the community being served. |
|
|
Term
| Minimum qualifications to be an officer |
|
Definition
| 21 years old. Must be proportional in height and weight. |
|
|
Term
| Educational requirements of an officer |
|
Definition
| 80% only require H.S. diploma, 1% require higher degrees, 32% provide incentives to have a college degree. |
|
|
Term
| Theoretical benefits of an officer having a college degree. |
|
Definition
| Officers have better decision making skills, better critical thinking skills, understand the laws better, and have better communication skills. Tend to use less force, and have less citizen complaints. Less job satisfaction. |
|
|
Term
| Criminal Record of Police |
|
Definition
| 95% will not hire with felony conviction, 75% won't hire with juvenile felony convictio, 30% won't hire with misdemenor as adult or juvenile. |
|
|
Term
| Residency requirement of Police |
|
Definition
| Only 25% of agencies require. Because the officer knows the area better, and are committed to the area they live in. Citizen view less favorably, expects help during off duty, expects special treatment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 100 applicants to every 1 position. 6-8 months approximate length of time. Process eliminates 50% who don't meet requirements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tests basic skills, cognitive skills in observation, attention span, memory, and logic and reasoning skills. Least expensive way to test. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Testing behavioral performance. Broadens the base people who aren't good at written exams. Better way of testing, but more expensive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 80% of agencies use this, used to test physical abilities. General fitness at applicant's age. Task based performance testing (agility, drag dummies through windows, shoot firearms) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 85% require ths screening. Testing for hearing, visio, weight, and pre-existing conditions. |
|
|
Term
| Drug Screening for Police |
|
Definition
| 73% require this, it is an automatic disqualifier. 30% of all candidates will be eliminated for this or lying about this. |
|
|
Term
| Psychological Testing for Police |
|
Definition
| 70% of agencies use this. Personality tests for personality disorders, mental problems, depressio, odd thought patterns, and for personality traits (shyness, overpowering, etc.) |
|
|
Term
| Oral Interviews for Police |
|
Definition
| 98% of agencies use this. Done before a review board to assess the motivation to be a police officer. Find out any biases, interpersonal skills, and critical thinking skills. |
|
|
Term
| Predicting who will be a good police officer |
|
Definition
| Agencies can try to, but they just can't do it. |
|
|
Term
| Background Checks for Police |
|
Definition
| Check Job History, Educatio, Military record, criminal record, alcohol/drug use, driving record, financial records, home visit/interviews. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 60% of agencies use this. Only limited to government agency hiring processes. Tests physical responses to questions asked. Unreliable source due to bad test examiner or good liars. Used as a psychological ploy to make people tell the truth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formal: To train, Informal: To Socialize into police culture. Lectures and weapons trainings. Technical trainings like report writing and handcuff applications. Community relations training. Teach ethics and morality, right vs. wrong. |
|
|
Term
| Plebe System of Police Academies |
|
Definition
| Boot Camp Style. Quasi-Military structure. Rigorous physical training. To make a good soldier in the police army. |
|
|
Term
| Non-Plebe System of Police Academies |
|
Definition
| Non Stress models. College atmosphere. Professionalism. Creates officers who are more satisfied with their jobs, have better job evaluatios, and get along with the public better. |
|
|
Term
| Field Training in the Police |
|
Definition
| Direct supervision on the job training by multiple field training officers. |
|
|
Term
| Probation Period of Policing |
|
Definition
| 6 months to 2 years. Can be dismissed with out cause. No reason to fire you. 7% of officers either get fired or quit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Official action taken based on personal judgment of the officer. Often asks themselves "will I get involved?" or "How will I get involved?", "Will there be arrests?" |
|
|
Term
| Criminal Law (Source of Discretion) |
|
Definition
| Laws are vague and unclear. The public opinion will not agree with the law, so officers need to be aware. |
|
|
Term
| Work environment (Source of Discretion) |
|
Definition
| Low visability to the public and supervisors mean that people aren't going to know what the police do. |
|
|
Term
| Police Resources (Source of Discretion) |
|
Definition
| Limited resources, such as man power, to handle all crimes. Pick and choose criminals to go after. |
|
|
Term
| Court Practices (Sources of discretion) |
|
Definition
| Courts may drop certain types of cases, so police will know and find it a waste of time for these particular "wastable" offenses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Promotes job satisfaction, Promotes autonomy, necessary for criminal justice system efficiency, promotes realistic goals, and promotes humaintarian principles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Potential for abuse, potential for corruption, potential for needless death/injury, possible citizen complaints of unequal treatment, possible litigation when things go awry. |
|
|
Term
| Organizational factors in Officer Decision Making |
|
Definition
| Written policies, Size of organization, Beat Assignments, Supervisors, Culture, Neighborhood |
|
|
Term
| Written Policies (Organizational factor of Decision Making) |
|
Definition
| Large amount of operating procedure policies to follow factor into police work. |
|
|
Term
| Size of Organization (Organizational factor of Decision Making) |
|
Definition
| The larger the organization, the less control over officers. |
|
|
Term
| Beat Assignments (Organizational factor of Decision Making) |
|
Definition
| Larger the beat, the less personal relationships police have with the community. Consistant beat assignments have better relations with the community. |
|
|
Term
| Traditional Supervisors (Organizational factor of Decision Making) |
|
Definition
| These supervisors have aggressive enforcement expectations. |
|
|
Term
| Innovative Supervisors (Organizational factor of Decision Making) |
|
Definition
| These supervisors are open to new solutions. |
|
|
Term
| Culture (Organizational factor of Decision Making) |
|
Definition
| Never underestimate informal culture of the police. Most important. Police follow what is expected in the culture, not necessarily the rules. |
|
|
Term
| Neighborhood (Organizational factor of Decision Making) |
|
Definition
| Racial heterogeneity create culture clashes, Socio-economic status, more money and education, the more requests are granted. Neighborhood norms and concerns of the community. Individual belief systems of officers influence who and how they help. |
|
|
Term
| Situational Factors in Officer Decision Making |
|
Definition
| Contact initiation, Relationship of the parties involved, Crime severity, and victim. |
|
|
Term
| Contact Initiation (Situational Factors in Decision Making) |
|
Definition
| Did the citizen initiate or did the police initiate contact. With police initiation, more aggression and more arrests occur. |
|
|
Term
| Relationships of the parties involved (Situational Factors in Decision Making) |
|
Definition
| Victim vs. Offender. The closer the relationship, the least likely arrests are made. Strangers are arrested more often. Close relationships often end up having the officer ask "Do you want to arrest this person?" |
|
|
Term
| Crime Severity (Situational Factors in Decision Making) |
|
Definition
| The more severe the crime is, the more effort the police will have to find and arrest. |
|
|
Term
| Victim (Situational Factors in Decision Making) |
|
Definition
| What does the victim want? If victim testimony is the evidence, if victim doesn't want to testify, then no arrest is made. Victim credibility, if victim is a criminal too, less likely that the police will help. Victim in a private affair vs. a public affair. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Community Service, Preventative Patrol, Omniprescence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Random driving, no aim at particular people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Concentrated patrol in certain ways: hot spots of crime, types of crime, gang units, guns, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research says 1 officer units does not increase the risk of injury or death. More efficient and covers more ground, but not efficient in engaging in activity. 1/2 of incidents when backups are dispatched aren't necessary. Los Angeles uses 2 officer units, most use 1 officer units. |
|
|
Term
| Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment |
|
Definition
| Patrol Levels experiment tested 3 groups: The Reactive Patrol, The Proactive Patrol groups, and the control group. Found that patrol had no significant change in crimes & safety with change in levels. |
|
|
Term
| Issue with Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment |
|
Definition
| 1. No one noticed the level of patrol change. 2. Residual effect of people assuming police are there when they aren't, 3. Most criminals aren't deterred by patrol because crimes are done discreetly, 4. More visability of the police in the reactive group than there should have been because they had nothing else to do but respond to calls. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found that it does not reduce crime. Citizens perceive crime as decreasing, fear of crime drops. Increases officer productivity, more arrests are made, but handled fewer calls because of lack of transportation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Assumptions that done rapidly means more arrests or probability of arrests, increased deterrance, and public satisfaction. Actually 80-90% of serious crimes, the delay from report to arrival is impossible to catch a suspect at the scene. |
|
|
Term
| Arrival Time Factors for Police Response |
|
Definition
| Time between Discovery and reporting averages 4-5 minutes. The processing of delivering the call to officers and to find an available officer averages 2-3 minutes. Travel time of officer to the location averages 5.5 minutes. Average time from Discovery to Arrival is 12-13 minutes. |
|
|
Term
| Reactive Investigation Purpose |
|
Definition
| Investigating and reacting after the face to a crime that has happened. |
|
|
Term
| Proactive Investigation Purpose |
|
Definition
| Monitor crime as they are occuring. Crimes like Drugs and Prostitution, Long term investigations. |
|
|
Term
| Influences on Investigative Decision Making |
|
Definition
| How much effort to put in a case, Has a suspect been identified, the severity of the crime, how much clout does the victim have, and the future value in investigating. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Locate more witnesses, consult with supervisors or collegues, check with criminalists with the analysis of evidence, check records and databases |
|
|
Term
| The reality of follow up investigations |
|
Definition
| Reports are required within 2 weeks. Must assign a status to a case. Statuses are either closed (suspect arrested), Suspended (no further investigation required due to dead end, dead suspect, or incarcerated suspect), or Open (continue after 2 weeks for promising cases or major case). Most case status are not open status. |
|
|
Term
| The reality of arrest amount |
|
Definition
| There is no standard amount, the informal standard of large agencies is 2 per week. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 21% overall clearance rate of arrests, 69% clearance rate in murders, 59% in Aggravated Assaults, 49% Rape. Lowest in Property Crimes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Police look for the cases that are the most solvable (Assault, Rape, Homicide) |
|
|
