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| is an instution that the government sets up to settle disputes through a legal process |
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| to hear and settle a case by judicial disputes through a legal procedure |
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| Refers to teh persons over whom a court has power and the subject matter about which a court can make a legally binding decision |
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| Geographical Jurisdiction |
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| Court's entitlement to hear & decide disputes arising w/in specified political boundaries: a city, a county, a state, a group of states, or the nation |
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| Subject Matter Jurisdiction |
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| The types of cases the court is entitled hear |
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| The court's power to try a case & issue a ruling |
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| the court's authority to review decidons made by a lower court |
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| 50 seperate court systems, which differ from one another on a number of important dimensions, and the federal court system. |
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Created a federal judicial system composed of the supreme court:
- 3 courts, each made up of two Supreme Court justices and a district court judge; and 13 dictrict courts
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| Court of Appeals Act of 1891 |
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| Created the circuit courts of appeal, a new layer of intermediate appellate courts that would hear appeals from the district courts, and gave teh Supreme Court more discretion in deciding which cases to hear |
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| An order to the lower courts to send the records in the case forward for review |
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| the case will be heard and the writ issued if four of the nine justices agree to hear the appeal |
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- representatives of the executive branch of government
- primary responsibility is to bring criminal charges against individulas who are accused of a crime & to respond the government's interest in court
- attorney general, the chief prosecutor, city attorney
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- is the state's chief legal officer
- reprents teh state in court when state laws & practices are challenged but plays a very limited role in criminal trials
- does not supervise the activities of local prosecutors
- found at the local level
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- his or her deputies charge & prosecute those accused of crime at the local, typically county level
- mandated to prosecute those accussed of crime at the local or county level
- mandated to prosecute "all known criminal cases"
- also give legal advice to county officials
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- sometimes engage in prosecutorial functions
- prosecute misdemeanors offenses adn handle the preliminary stages of felony cases in the trial courts of limited jurisdiction
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- whether hired by the defendant or appointed by the state, they provide a number of services
- they represt their clienst at various stages of teh criminal process
- participate in plea bargaining with prosecutors
- defend the accused at trial
- act as their's clients' advocates whenever the need arises
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- issue warrants that enable police oficers to search for contraband or evidence
- if bail is required after an arrest; how much?sufficient evidence to hold the defendant for trial? Pretrial motions filed by the prosecutor or the defense attorney should be granted or not
- Play an important role in jury selection
- responsible for maintaining order in teh courtroom and for deciding whether to sustain or overrule objections to questions asked or evidence introduced
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