8 x 10    is     8:10

Reduce the smaller number to 1 and then divide the larger number by the smaller number.

1:1.618 is the perfect proportion or the Golden Ratio or Mean

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Objects closer to you have a heavier contrast. Images farther away have a softer contrast.

They guide the viewer through the image.

It is where the lines in your rules of thirds intersect.

A point indicates a position, where 2 lines connect.

No lines…no length or width

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The image is balanced when split down the middle even if the elements are different.

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Many objects that fall along one line.

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Used to offset people and to divide an image into two contrasting sides.

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It is a 2 to 3 ratio. There is some balance but it is offset.

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It is 2 dimensional.

Perfectly flat with no illusion of depth.

A surface.

Has no measurable length, width or thickness.

Has position, and direction.

Bound by lines

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They are free shapes. Found in nature.

They are irregular and complex.

All the lines are straight but they are not geometrical!

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They combine straight and curved lines. They are rectangular, parallelograms, octagons etc.

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There are so many points they appear to be lines. The lines are densely spaced but form shapes. 

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Constrained. No where to go.

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Have some where to go.

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Highlights

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Shadows

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Comparison of two numbers often used to express the notion of proportion.

Often also called Aspect Ratio.

Used to describe picture shape in photography.

More commonly known as Format

The comparison of the short side to the long side

Such as 1:2, 2:3, 3:4 etc.

The placement or arrangement of visual elements

Intrepreting a 3 dimensional scene into a 2 dimensional design

It has balance, structure, visual effect and a purpose

An essential compositional photography technique

where the subject is placed along one of 2 horizontonal or vertical lines at one of 4 points of intersection

They are rigid and non-flexible

Finite

Things are made to fit within the basic shapes

They are thoughts or ideas in your mind.

They are not visible.

Becomes visual once it’s stated verbally

When elements have size, shape, colour and texture

They are the placement and interrelationships of the shapes

Some are perceived such as position and direction

Some are felt such as space and gravity

Convey the content and meaning of the design

Be realistic shapes (representational) or can be stylized (abstract)

Contribute to the function, purpose, message of the design

Answers the question "Did it serve it's purpose?"

It is the path of a plane in motion.

Has position and space and is bound by planes.

Is an illusion in 2 dimensions

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Recogonized because they are small

They have shapes such as circles, or hexagons and other irregular shapes

It is when the pixels that make up an image are visible

Not wanted

Can try to conceal them

Subdue them or enhance them

You can even try to exaggerate them

An abstract image with a clear "Impression" of an image

Considered clear but with no distinction

No detail in faces

Considered to be unfinished

France in the 1860's

Light was important and was captured through the colours they used

Claude Monet was a central artist

Impression Sunrise

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Was created with all points and no lines

Georges Seurat was the founder

1880's

He preferred the name "Divisionism"

Critics gave it the name "Pointillism"

Most pieces take considerable time even years

When viewed from a distance the human eye blends the dots

Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte contains over 3 million dots

Unaided and drawn by hand

Calligraphic

Identical or similar in design

Promote unity, symmetry, harmony, rhythm and balance

Synonymous with repetition

Shape

Size

Colour

Texture

Direction

Position

Space 

Gravity

Composed  of smaller, repeated elements that can't be held in your hand

Such as the petals in this flower

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Forms that are larger that can be repeated

Can be held in your hand

Such as a whole rose

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Linear - In a Line

Square or Rectangular

Rhombic - Diamond Shapes - Straight Lines Connected at 4 Points

Circular

Triangular

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