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| document that sets out the laws and principles of a government |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| finished in 1777 by the Continental Congress- first american constitution.. had many problems |
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| a law which called for the territory to be surveyed and then divided into townships |
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| In 1787, a law was passed guarenteeing basic rights to settlers, and outlawing slavery. It also split the northwest region into separate territories. Once a territory had 60,000 people it could ask Congress to be a new state- and be equal to all the other states. Finest achievement yet by the national gov. States created- Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. |
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| a period of time when business activity slows, prices and wages fall, and unemployment rises |
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| In 1786, by Daniel Shays, a Mass. farmer who had fought at Bunker Hill. he organized an uprising with 2,000 farmers- attacked courthouse and prevented the state from taking farms, and tried to capture an arsenal filled with guns. Militia were sent to drive the rebels off. |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| May 25th, 1787- in Philadelphia. Every state except Rhode Island sent representatives. Goal= to revise the articles of cofederation |
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| The best prepared delegate. In the Constitutional Convention. Young, and from Virginia. Spent months on father's plantaion- read- arrived in Phili with a bulging suitcase of research. |
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| by Edmund Randolph and James Madison- both from Virginia. Called for a strong national government with three branches-legislative, executive, and judicial, which would all ahve separate jobs. |
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| system of courts, would decided if laws were carried out fairly |
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| called for three branches of government- but legislature had only one house, and each state no matter what it's population was would have one vote in the legislature. |
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| from Connecticut- made a compromise with a two house legislature- house of representative would be elected by popular vote. Seats in the lower house would be awarded according to the state's population |
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| a settlement in which each side gives up some of its demands in order to reach an agreement |
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| Roger Sherman's plan- two house legislature- house of representative would be elected by popular vote. Seats in the lower house would be awarded according to the state's population |
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| Southerners wanted to include slaves in the population of the states but the northerners did not want any of the slaves to be counted- decided that 3/5 of them would be counted |
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| a government in which citizens rule themselves through elected representatives |
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| British way of government- limited power of English rulers- contained two basic ideas- nobles had certain rights and they had to obey the rights along with the citizens |
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| 1689- went further by limiting monarchy and protecting the rights of the people-said parliamentary elections should be held regularly, reaffirmed the right to a trial by jury, protected people by great fines and cruel punishment, allowed people to bear own, and "habeas corpus"- the idea that no person could be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime |
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| 1619- colonists in Virginia set up this. Led to other colonies creating their own representative legislatures |
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| 1619- colonists in Virginia set up this. Led to other colonies creating their own representative legislatures |
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| made in 1620 by Pilgram leaders at Plymouth- document of self-government. Agreed to "combine ourselves together in a civil body politic" in order to establish "just and equal laws" |
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a european document- believers believed
that people could improve society through the use of reason |
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| published- Two Treatises on Government- two important ideas- all people have life, liberty, and property, and government is an agreement between the ruler and the ruled. If the ruler doensn't protect natural rights, the people have a right to rebel. |
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| 1748- French thinker, published The Spirit of the Laws- urged to create three branches of government (separation of powers) |
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| stops any person or group from gaining too much power- by three branches of gov |
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| The division of power between the states and the national government |
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| a way so that each branch of federal government has some way to control or check on the other two. Some ways of this are bill/veto/override and the president appointing judges. |
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| overrule (a president's veto) |
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| bring charges against (the President) |
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| made up of electors from every state. The citizens elect the people in to the electoral college and then the electors vote for the president and vice president of the U.S. Electors should be well informed and are expected to vote wisely. |
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| Supporters of the Constitution- did not think htat the Constitution needed a bill of rights because it would be impossible to list all of the natural rights |
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| People who opposed the Constitution- thought that it needed a Bill of Rights, because with out it, natural rights would be easy to ignore |
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| written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. It's a series of essays defending the Constitution. Writters used pen names but most knew who they were. One of the best political theory discussions behind the American System of government |
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| 10 amendments written by James Madison added to the Constitution in 1791. It does not give Americans any rights, because they already have them. It just prevents the government from taking them away.(freedom of relig. speech press.., right to bear arms, no lodging troops, no searching for no reason, accused people have rights, right to trial by jury, requiring of jury in all civil cases, no harsh punishment, there are powers reserved for the people, and there are powers reserved for the state.) |
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| government must follow the same fair rules in all cases brought to trial |
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