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Details

Craven Ch. 42
Bowel elimination
27
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
10/29/2010

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Cards

Term
True or false: Decrease BM frequency is a normal part of aging.
Definition
True. Decrease in frequency does not always mean constipation.
Term
What foods promote regular bowel elimination?
Definition
Foods with fiber and cellulose content.
Term
Too much of what kind of food might cause loose stools?
Definition
Fruit. Dairy products for someone with lactose intolerance or wheat products for someone with a gluten allergy.
Term
Why does fluid intake affect bowel function.
Definition
75% of stool is water.
Term
How does a sedentary lifestyle affect bowel function?
Definition
Sedentary people are 3x more likely to experience constipation.
Term
Ignoring the urge to defecate can result in what?
Definition
Constipation (or at least a harder, drier stool that is more difficult to pass)
Term
Why does surgery result in altered bowel function?
Definition
Anesthesia slows down motility.
Term
How soon after GI surgery would normal bowel function be expected to return?
Definition
3-4 days.
Term
List the six most common types of altered bowel function.
Definition
Constipation
Fecal impaction
Diarrhea
Fecal incontinence
Flatulence
Distention
Term
What are the three sources of gas that cause flatulence?
Definition
1) Swallowed air
2) Bacterial action
3) Diffusion from blood
Term
What indicates a fecal impaction?
Definition
Absence of BM for 3-5 days followed by liquid stool incontinence
Term
Define paralytic ileus
Definition
Bowel is paralyzed for more than 72 hours
Term
How is progression of abdominal distension measured?
Definition
Mark X on abdomen to measure girth of same spot every time.
Term
Name of common test for blood in the stool. What type of stool should be avoided?
Definition
Fecal occult blood test (FOBT). Blue indicates positive test. Avoid stool with visible blood.
Term
What are the four bowel function related nursing diagnoses?
Definition
Constipation
Perceived constipation
Diarrhea
Bowel incontinence
Term
What substance is used for a radiologic procedure of the bowel, and what complication can it cause?
Definition
Barium. Stools will be altered (white) until all barium is gone, and retained barium can cause fecal impaction.
Term
What 4 tests are used for colorectal cancer screening?
Definition
FOBT, colonoscopy, radiologic procedures, biopsies and polypectomies performed during colonoscopies
Term
What effect do narcotics, iron supplements, antibiotics and antacids have on bowel function?
Definition
Narcotics and iron supplements = constipation
Antibiotics = diarrhea
Antacids = diarrhea or constipation
Term
What kind of solution is a small-volume enema?
Definition
Hypertonic, to draw water
Term
What is the purpose of an oil-retention enema?
Definition
To soften a hard stool
Term
When is a small-volume enema usually given?
Definition
When an oral laxative didn't work or if quick evacuation is needed.
Term
What two kinds of solution can a large-volume enema be? How about for infants/small children?
Definition
Tap water or saline. Only saline for infants/small children.
Term
How much volume is usually in an enema to cleanse a bowel?
Definition
350-500 mL
Term
What is the maximum adult volume for a large-volume enema?
Definition
1000 mL
Term
What is the function of a return-flow enema?
Definition
Relieve flatus.
Term
Describe the return-flow enema process.
Definition
Nurse allows fluid to return into container when client indicates cramping. Repeat until no more flatus (bubbles) returned with fluid or client reports relief.
Term
How/why is a rectal tube used?
Definition
Inserted for 15-20 minutes to relieve flatus.
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