Term
| 3 components of federalism |
|
Definition
geopolitical division
independence
direct governance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one in which sovereignty is constitutionally split between at least two territorial levels so that independent governmental units at each level have final authority in at least one policy realm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states that are not federal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a unitary state grants powers to subnational governments but retains the right to unilaterally recall or reshape those powers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when territorial units of a federal state share similar demographic makeup |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when demographic makeup of territorial units differs among other units and the country as a whole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when territorial units of a federal state possess equal powers relative to the central government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when some territorial units enjoy more extensive powers that others relative to the central government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extent to which actual policy making powers lies with the central or regional governments in a country (revenue issue) |
|
|
Term
| coming together federalism |
|
Definition
| result of bargaining in which previously sovereign polices voluntarily agree to give up party of their sovereignty in order to pool together their resources and improve their collective goals |
|
|
Term
| holding together federalism |
|
Definition
| central government of a polity chooses to decentralize its power to subnational governments in order to diffuse secessionist pressures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| legislative deliberation occurs in a single assembly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| legislative deliberation occurs in two distinct assemblies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when the two legislative chambers have a similar political composition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two legislative chambers differ in their political composition. level of congruence depends on how the membership of the two chambers is selected and whom the membership is supposed to represent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distribution of political representation between constituencies is not based on the size of each constituency's population. the votes of some citizens weigh more than the votes of others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two legislative chambers have equal or near equal constitutional power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when two chambers have unequal power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commitment of governments to accept the legitimacy of, and be governed by, a set of authoritative rules and principles that are laid out in a constitution |
|
|
Term
| system of constitutional justice |
|
Definition
| comprises the set of institutions and procedures that are established to protect constitutional rules and principles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides the formal source of state authority |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| written in a single document |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has several sources, may be written or unwritted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be modified only through a special procedure of constitutional amendment |
|
|
Term
| unentrenched constitution |
|
Definition
| no special amendment procedure and can be modified at any point in time with the support of the legislative majority |
|
|
Term
| legislative supremacy constitution |
|
Definition
| no constitutional review, has no bill of rights, and is not entrenched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has constitutional review, has a bill of rights and is entrenched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| authority of an institution to invalidate legislation, administration decisions, judicial rulings, and other acts of government that violate constitutional rules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when constitutional review is conducted by ordinary judges from the regular judicial system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| situation in which almost all countries now have an entrenched constitution, a bill of rights, and a procedure of constitutional review to protect rights |
|
|
Term
| abstract constitutional review |
|
Definition
| constitutional review in the absence of a concrete legal case |
|
|
Term
| concrete constitutional review |
|
Definition
| constitutional review with respect to a specific legal case |
|
|
Term
| priori constitutional review |
|
Definition
| occurs before a law is formally enacted |
|
|
Term
| posteriori constitutional review |
|
Definition
| occurs after a law if formally enacted |
|
|
Term
| centralized constitutional review |
|
Definition
| only one court can conduct constitutional review |
|
|
Term
| decentralized constitutional review |
|
Definition
| more than on court can interpret the constitution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| offers a way to think about political institutions in a consistent way across countries. conceptualizes the institutional structure of a given country in terms of its configuration of veto players |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individual or collective actor whose agreement is necessary for a change in the political status quo |
|
|
Term
| institutional veto player |
|
Definition
| generated by a country's constitution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| generated by the way the political game is played |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| set of policy alternatives that cannot be defeated in a pair-wise contest under unanimity rule |
|
|
