Term
|
Definition
| set of laws that regulate electoral competition between candidates or parties or both |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| determines how votes are translated into seats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how electoral choices are presented on the ballot paper |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of representatives elected in a district |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the right to vote is not restricted |
|
|
Term
| majoritarian electoral system |
|
Definition
| one in which the candidates or parties that receive the most votes win |
|
|
Term
| single member district plurality system |
|
Definition
| one in which individuals cast a single vote for a candidate in a single member district. candidate with most votes gets elected |
|
|
Term
| preference/preferential voting |
|
Definition
| involves voters ranking one or more candidates or parties in order of preference on the ballot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used in single member districts, is an electoral system in which voters mark their preferences by rank ordering the candidates. if no one wins an absolute majority, lowest vote getter is eliminated and votes are reallocated until one candidate has absolute majority |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| candidate centered electoral system used in either single or multimember districts in which voters must use numbers to mark their preferences for all the nominated candidates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| same as borda count except value of each preference does not decline in equal steps; assumes voters care more about higher ranked candidates than lower ranked ones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has potential for two rounds of elections. candidates or parties are automatically elected in the first round if they obtain a specified level of votes, typically an absolute majority. those candidates or parties that win the votes in the second round are elected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| candidate centered electoral system using in SMD's, in which voters are required to rank at least one and at most two candidates in order of preference. candidate who wins absolute majority of first preference votes is elected. if no one wins an absolute majority, then all but the leading candidates are eliminated and the votes are reallocated to top two |
|
|
Term
| single nontransferable vote |
|
Definition
| system in which voters cast a single candidate centered vote in a multimember district. candidate with highest number of votes is elected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| candidate centered system used in multimember districts in which voters have as many votes are there are candidates to be elected. candidates with most votes win |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used in multimember districts in which voters cast a single party centered vote for their party of choice. party with most votes wins all seats in district |
|
|
Term
| proportional/proportional representation electoral syster |
|
Definition
| quota or divisor based electoral system employed in multimember districts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each party presents a list of candidates for a multimember district. parties receive seats in proportion to their overall share of the votes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of votes that guarantees a party a seat in a particular electoral district |
|
|
Term
| divisor/highest average system |
|
Definition
| divides the total number of votes won by each party in a district by a series of numbers(divisors) to obtain quotients. district seats are then allocated according to which parties have the highest quantity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leval at which votes are translated into seats. lowest tier is the district or constituency level. higher tiers are constituted by grouping together different lower tier constituencies; they are typically at the regional or national level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| minimum level of support a party needs to obtain representation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mathematical by-product of the electoral system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| explicitly written into electoral law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provision in a list PR system for two or more separate parties to reach an agreement that their votes will be combined for the purpose of seat allocation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| order of candidates elected is determined by the party itself, and voters are not able to express a preference for a particular candidate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| voters can indicate not just their preferred party but also their favored candidate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| voters have multiple votes that they can allocate either within a single party list or across different party lists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to vote for candidates from different party lists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capacity to give more than one vote to a single candidate |
|
|
Term
| single transfereable vote |
|
Definition
| preferential candidate centered PR electoral system used in multimember districts. candidates that surpass a specified quota of first preference votes are immediately elected. in successive counts, votes from eliminated candidates are surplus votes from elected candidates are reallocated to the remaining candidates until all seats are filled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one in which voters elect representatives through two different systems, one majoritarian and one proportional |
|
|
Term
| independent mixed electoral systems |
|
Definition
| one in which the application of one electoral formula does not depend on the outcome produced by the other |
|
|
Term
| dependent mixed electoral system |
|
Definition
| one in which the application of the proportional formula is dependent on the distribution of seats or votes produced by the majoritarian formula |
|
|
