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| "Literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it" |
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| "Literature is the art of discovering something extraordinary about ordinary people, and saying with ordinary words something extraordinary" |
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| Study of human communication. Art of written/spoken expression that captures the depths of human experience, imagination, and emotion. It encompasses: poetry, drama, fiction, and essay. |
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| literature reflects "the mirror of nature" potraying human thoughts, emotions, and actions in ways that resonate across time and culture. |
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| Latin. meaning evolved to describe "writings of excellence"(Britannica,2026) |
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| long-verse narrative retelling the heroic journey of an individula or a group of individuals. Typically features superhuman feats, extraordinary adventures, highly stylized language, and a combination of lyrical and dramatic elements. |
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| Tells a story through poetic techniques, such as rhyme, rhythm, similes, and metaphors. Longer than other forms of poetry amd contains a complete story similar to a novel |
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| Short, Highly musical verses that express powerful emotions. Personal expression of emotions written by a single individual. |
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| Written in verse for public reciation/performance. Purpose often is to express one's thoughts aloud to another actor, oneself, or an audience. |
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| Love stories are the dominant theme. Althought its also a prominent element of other forms of fictions, emphasize the development of a romantic relationship. |
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| Mythology and ancient folklore are some sources of inspirations. Usually depicts imaginery settings, beings, and universes that are nonexistent in the real world. |
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| Teach a moral lesson to the reader/illustrate a moral dilemma that MC overcomes. Author may use inanimate objects/animals as MC who act like humans to resolve conflicts in a manner that demonstrate character development. |
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| Aims to inform/inspire the audience using actual events, people, places, or facts. Authors typically conduct extensive research before making one. |
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| Personal narrative of one's life. May serve a variety of purpose, such as helping the author overcome a difficult situation, assisting people in overcoming similar challenges, or simply conveying stories. |
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| An account of a person's life, written by someone else. Features notable individuals, such as celebreties, atheletes, business leaders, and politicians. |
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| short piece of writting in which the author elaboerates on an idea or topic after conducting thorough research. Aims to engage its readers, influence their thinking, get them involved in its ideas, or persuade them to adopt the same point of view. |
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| No formal metrical structure. Instead rely on rhythmic structure, relies on natural flow of speech and ordinary grammatical structure. Clear, concise paragraphs may fiction/nonfiction. |
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| (June 19, 1861)Doctor, Writer, and reform advocate. Educated in Ateneo De Manila University and Universidad Central De Madrid |
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| Works: Noli Me Tangre and El Filibusterismo, critiqued Spanish colonial rule and Catholic church complicity. |
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| Poet, Short story writer, Critic, and painter. Born in Manila later wokred in US, where he became known for his highly experimental style, especially his invention of "comma poems" which comma follows every word to control rhythm and meaning. |
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| Pen name "Doveglion" symbolizing strength, peace, and pride. One famous short stories, "Footnote to Youth" explores the consequences of youthful decisions. |
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| named National Artist for Literature in 1973 |
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| Novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, and journalist wrote extensively about Philippine history/culture. Works often examine the effects of Spanish colonization, Catholic tradition, and the blending of past and present in Filipino identity |
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| awarded National artist for literature in 1976 |
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| Long chanted stories that capture belief and lifeways of "Central Panay Indigenous Peoples". likely longest published epic, consisting ten parts in 13 volumes. |
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| Longest/Oldest Philippine epic poems, originated from the Sulod people of Panay Island, narrating the adventures of demigod brother Labw Donggon, Humadapnon and Dumalapdap, sons of goddess Alunsina, their detailed quest, battle, and courtship. |
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| Professor of literature/Creative writing at De La Salle Universityy for more than 20years. Her works examine inter-island migration, water crisis, food security, environment, and the struggle of women and the indigenous peoples of panay island. Authored 3 bilingual poetry and Short story, novel, childrens book and staged one act plays. |
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