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CP Chemistry Vocab
ch 25
26
Science
9th Grade
05/07/2006

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Term
aliphatic compound
Definition
a hydrocarbon compound that does not contain a ring structure
Term
alkane
Definition
a hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds; alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons
Term
alkene
Definition
a hydrocarbon containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds; alkenes are insaturated hydrocarbons
Term
alkyl group
Definition
a hydrocarbon substituent; the methyl group (-CH3) is an alkyl group
Term
alkyne
Definition
a hydrocarbon containing carbon-carbon triple bond; alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons
Term
arene
Definition
any member of a special group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons
Term
aromatic compound
Definition
a name originally given to the arenes because many of them have pleasant odors; any compound with bonding like that od benzene
Term
asymmetric carbon
Definition
a carbon atom that has four different groups attached
Term
branched-chain alkane
Definition
an alkane with one or more alkyl groups attached
Term
cis configuration
Definition
a term applied to geometric isomers; it denotes an arrangement in which teh substituted groups are on the same side of the double bond
Term
condensed structural formula
Definition
a structural formula that leaves out some bonds and/or atoms; the presence of these atoms or bonds is understood
Term
cracking
Definition
the controlled process by which hydrocarbons are broken down or rearranged into smaller, more useful molecules
Term
cyclic hydrocarbon
Definition
an organic compound that contains a hydrocarbon ring
Term
geometric isomer
Definition
an organic compound that differs from another compound only in the geometry of their substituted groups
Term
homologous series
Definition
a group of compounds in which there is a constant increment of change in molecular structure from one compound in the series to the next
Term
hydrocarbon
Definition
an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen
Term
saturated compound
Definition
an organic compound in which all carbon atoms are joined by single covalent bonds; it contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms
Term
stereoisomer
Definition
an organic molecule having the same molecular structure as another molecule, but differing in the arrangement of atoms in the space
Term
straight-chain alkane
Definition
a saturated open-chain hydrocarbon in which all carbons are arranged consecutively: that is, there is no branching
Term
structural isomer
Definition
a compound that has the same molecular formula as another compound but that has a different molecular structure
Term
substituent
Definition
an atom or group of atoms that can take the place if a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule.
Term
trans configuration
Definition
a term applied to geometric isomers; it denotes an arrangement in which the substituted substituded groups are on opposite sides of the double bond.
Term
unsaturated compound
Definition
an organic compound with one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds.
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