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CP Biology Final 06
December 06 Final
175
Biology
9th Grade
12/13/2006

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Term
The biosphere is
Definition
· all the parts of Earth
Term
A squirrel and an oak tree are both examples of individual
Definition
· organisms
Term
Life’s basic unit of structure and function is the
Definition
· cell
Term
Each distinct form of life or type of organism is called a
Definition
· species
Term
Organizing similar species into larger groups is called
Definition
· Classification
Term
Unlike the members of domains Bacteria and Archaea, the members of domain Eukarya
Definition
· have nuclei
Term
The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable is
Definition
· Homeostasis
Term
What is the term for a localized group of organisms belonging to the same species
Definition
· Population
Term
The cells of multicellular organisms are often
Definition
· specialized to perform particular functions
Term
Which list represents the level of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level
Definition
· cell, tissue, organ, organ system
Term
What is the term for all the parts of Earth inhabited by living things
Definition
· Biosphere
Term
What organizational level includes all of the other levels
Definition
· Biosphere
Term
Many biologists call the broadest category of life
Definition
· Domain
Term
Which of the following is not a theme of biology
Definition
· Movement
Term
Which of the following statements best explains why birds fly south for the winter
Definition
· living things respond to the environment
Term
Cell specialization in multicellular organisms allow cells to
Definition
· perform different functions
Term
The amount of light and temperature are examples of
Definition
· Factors to which living things respond
Term
Which term refers to cells having different jobs in an organism
Definition
· Specialization
Term
A group of cells that together perform a similar function is called a
Definition
· Tissue
Term
An organ system is a group of organs that
Definition
· work together in performing a major body function
Term
Living things cam be studied at different levels of organization from the molecular level to the largest level called the
Definition
· Biosphere
Term
Along the length of each DNA molecule are units of inherited information called
Definition
· Genes
Term
A biosphere is the community of living things in an area along with the nonliving features of the environment that support the living community is an
Definition
· Ecosystem
Term
The smallest living things are single
Definition
· Cells
Term
There is a division of labor among the cells of ______ organisms.
Definition
· Multicellular
Term
Measurements of a plant’s growth over a two-week period represent
Definition
• Data
Term
Jane Goodall’s research on chimpanzees in the wild is an example of
Definition
• Discovery science
Term
A logical conclusion based on observations is called an
Definition
• Inference
Term
You suggest that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is a
Definition
• Hypothesis
Term
A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test
Definition
• a single variable
Term
The work of scientists generally begins with
Definition
• Making observations and asking questions
Term
When enough experimental data support a hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a
Definition
• Theory
Term
Thinking that someone is at the door when you hear the doorbell ring is an example of an
Definition
• Inference
Term
In science a hypothesis is useful only if
Definition
• It can be tested
Term
The idea that “all living things are made of cells” is
Definition
• A theory
Term
Biology is the scientific study of
Definition
• Life
Term
An experiment that tests the effects of a single variable is called a
Definition
• Controlled experiment
Term
A well-tested explanation that makes sense of a great variety of observations is a
Definition
• Theory
Term
The ability to reproduce results is and important part of any
Definition
• Experiment
Term
Which of the following might be a valid hypothesis for why a plant appears to be dying?
Definition
• The plant is not being watered enough, being watered too much, and/or receiving too much sunlight
Term
The Pfennigs’ experiment included plain brown artificial snakes because
Definition
• Brown snakes were needed as a control
Term
A falsifiable hypothesis is one that
Definition
• Can be proven incorrect
Term
A hypothesis
Definition
• May be disproved by a single experiment
Term
A theory
Definition
• May be modified or discarded
Term
A model is useful if it
Definition
• Explains new observations, predicts new observations, and matches new observations
Term
A map is an example of a
Definition
• Model
Term
The use of genetic engineering to produce medicines is an example of
Definition
• Technology
Term
“The bird has brown spots on its wings” is an example of an
Definition
• Observation
Term
A condition that can differ within an experiment is called a
Definition
• Variable
Term
A falsifiable hypothesis is one that can be proven
Definition
• Incorrect
Term
In science, ______ consists of a collected body of data from observations and experiments.
Definition
• Evidence
Term
The goal of ______ is to apply scientific understanding for some specific purpose.
Definition
• Technology
Term
An important goal of a scientist is to ask _____ about the natural world.
Definition
• Questions
Term
A child’s height is an example of _______ data.
Definition
• Quantitative
Term
Scientists are persuaded by logical arguments that are supported by
Definition
• Evidence
Term
The everyday meaning of theory is _____ the scientific meaning.
Definition
• Different from
Term
Most scientists ______ communicate with others.
Definition
• Always
Term
The science that studies life is called
Definition
• Biology
Term
An analogy of the brain to the computer is an example of a
Definition
• Model
Term
_______ is important so that scientists can check one another’s claims.
Definition
• Communication
Term
The information you record during an experiment is called your
Definition
• Data
Term
Carbon can bond w/ 1 or more carbon atoms, producing a variety of
Definition
• Carbon skeletons
Term
Which statement is true?
Definition
• Polymers are made of monomers
Term
Which of the following organic compounds is the main fuel supply for cellular work
Definition
• Proteins
Term
A monosaccharide is a
Definition
• Carbohydrate
Term
A steroid is a lipid molecule in which the carbon skeleton forms
Definition
• 4 fused rings
Term
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins
Definition
• Act as a main fuel for cells
Term
Amino acid is to protein as
Definition
• Simple sugar is to starch
Term
Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by lowering the
Definition
• Activation energy of the reaction
Term
How many bonds can carbon form with other atoms?
Definition
• 4
Term
A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a
Definition
• Catalyst
Term
Most carbon-based molecules are classified as
Definition
• Organic
Term
What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?
Definition
• Activation energy
Term
The reaction that adds a monomer to a chain is called a
Definition
• Dehydration reaction
Term
A carbohydrate made up of 2 sugar units is a
Definition
• Monosaccharide
Term
Polysaccharides include
Definition
• Starch, glycogen, and cellulose
Term
Cholesterol is a
Definition
• Steroid
Term
The differences between amino acids are in the
Definition
• Side groups
Term
An example of denaturation is
Definition
• An egg white changing to a white solid
Term
Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?
Definition
• Enzymes are not affected by temperature changes
Term
Which of the following statements is true about catalysts?
Definition
• Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction
Term
A group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules is called a
Definition
• Functional group
Term
Animal cells store excess sugar in the form of a polysaccharide called
Definition
• Glycogen
Term
____ are water-avoiding, or hydrophobic, compounds
Definition
• Lipids
Term
The process in which a protein unravels and loses its normal shape is called
Definition
• Denaturation
Term
Proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the cell without requiring high temperatures are
Definition
• Enzymes
Term
Groups and molecules that attract water molecules are known as
Definition
• hydrophilic
Term
A _____ is an organic compound made up of sugar molecules
Definition
• Carbohydrate
Term
A ____ consists of a 3-carbon backbone called glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids
Definition
• Fat
Term
Water-avoiding molecules are said to be
Definition
• Hydrophobic
Term
A ____ is a polymer constructed from a set of monomers called amino acids.
Definition
• Protein
Term
Specialized ____ in organisms that speed up chemical reactions are called enzymes
Definition
• Catalysts
Term
Complex carbohydrates are to monosaccharides as polymers are to
Definition
• Activation energy
Term
___ is a polysaccharide in plants that serve as a building material
Definition
• Dehydration
Term
____ is a steroid that the body uses to produce other steroids
Definition
• Cholesterol
Term
An ____ consists of a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a “side group”
Definition
• Amino acid
Term
A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme is called the enzyme’s
Definition
• Substrate
Term
Organic molecules composed of only carbon and hydrogen are known as
Definition
• Hydrocarbons
Term
The region labeled A is called a [image]
Definition
• Centromere
Term
The structures labeled B are called
Definition
• Sister chromatids
Term
During which phases of mitosis are structures like the one shown above visible?
Definition
• Prophase and metaphase
Term
Which event occurs during interphase?
Definition
• The cell carries out metabolic processes
Term
Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?
Definition
• Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phase
Term
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
Definition
• Metaphase
Term
One difference between cytokinesis in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have
Definition
• A cell plate
Term
What is a malignant tumor?
Definition
• A mass of cancer cells
Term
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
Definition
• Haploid cells
Term
Which of the following is a phase in the cell cycle?
Definition
• G1 phase, G2 phase, M phase
Term
Which structure divides during metaphase?
Definition
• Centromere
Term
What structure is composed of DNA and protein?
Definition
• Sister chromatids
Term
What structure aids in the movement of chromosomes during division?
Definition
• Spindle fibers
Term
Reproduction by simple cell division is called _____ reproduction whereas the process in which two parents contribute genetic material is called ____ reproduction.
Definition
• Asexual, sexual
Term
The structure shown in the figure above is a [image]
Definition
• Duplicated chromosome
Term
A cell splits into two daughter cells during
Definition
• Cytokinesis
Term
____ are the 2 sets of chromosomes found in a body cell- one set inherited from the male parent and the other from the female parent.
Definition
• Homologous chromosomes
Term
Mitosis results in 2 cells, whereas meiosis results in
Definition
• 4 cells
Term
During metaphase, each chromosome is connected to a
Definition
• Spindle fiber
Term
During ____, the nucleus and the duplicated chromosomes divide and are evenly distributed, forming two “daughter” nuclei.
Definition
• telophase
Term
The process shown only happens in ___ cells that have just divided.[image]
Definition
• Plant
Term
The structure labeled A is called the[image]
Definition
• Cell plate
Term
The most common elements in most living things are
Definition
• oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
Term
Which term describes a substance formed by the chemocal combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio?
Definition
• compound
Term
The nucleus is made up of
Definition
• protons and neutrons
Term
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and _____
Definition
• a different number of neutrons
Term
Radioactive isotopes used in research and medicine are
Definition
• used to observe what happens to different atoms within organisms
Term
Radioactive isotopes used in research and medicine are
Definition
• used to observe what happens to different atoms within organisms
Term
What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?
Definition
• positive
Term
In chemical reactions, atoms are ____
Definition
• rearranged
Term
Identify the reactant in chemical reaction: CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3
Definition
• CO2 and H2O
Term
Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?
Definition
• two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
Term
Ice floats on water because
Definition
• its molecules are less densely packed than those in liquid water
Term
The three particles that make up an atom are
Definition
• protons, neutrons, and electrons
Term
The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains
Definition
• electrons
Term
If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons its atomic number is
Definition
• 11
Term
A covalent bond is formed as the result of
Definition
• sharing an electron pair
Term
When hydrogen and oxygen combine and form water, water is
Definition
• a product
Term
Water molecules are polar with
Definition
• oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive
Term
Solutions that contain concentrations of H+ ions lower than pure water
Definition
• are acid
Term
If the pH of stomach acid and of oven cleaner (a base) were measured
Definition
• the pH of stomach acid would be above 7 but the pH of oven cleaner would be below 7
Term
A map of eastern North America showing the pH of rainfall in the various states indicates that the pH of rain in New York state varies from 4.22 to 4.40 according to these figures the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH of
Definition
• 4.22
Term
A substance with a pH of 6 is called
Definition
• an acid
Term
A solution is a
Definition
• uniform mixture of 2 or more substances
Term
When salt is dissolved in water, water is the
Definition
• solvent
Term
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means is an
Definition
• element
Term
Usually it is the electrons in the ____ energy level of an atom that determine how that atom reacts
Definition
• highest
Term
____ is responsible for causing the surface of the water in a graduated cylinder to curve slightly at the sides
Definition
• adhesion
Term
When a substance is dissolved in water the result is called a
Definition
• solution
Term
____ are substances that cause a solution to resist changes in pH
Definition
• buffers
Term
The symbol for the isotope oxygen 18 is usually written ____
Definition
• 18O
Term
Scientists show the number and types of atoms in a molecule using a
Definition
• chemical formula
Term
When atoms share 6 electrons they are joined by a _____ bond.
Definition
• triple
Term
A substance with equal numbers of H+ ions and OH- ions is a ____ solution
Definition
• basic
Term
The substances that are present when a chemical reaction begins are the
Definition
• reactants
Term
The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and
Definition
• electrons
Term
Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the
Definition
• nucleus
Term
A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons is a(n) _____ bond.
Definition
• ionic
Term
A water molecule is polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and the ____ atoms
Definition
• hydrogen
Term
The pH scale is a measurement system that indicates the concentration of ____ in a solution
Definition
• H+ ions
Term
____ is anything that occupies space and has mass.
Definition
• matter
Term
If a neutral atom contains 15 protons it must have
Definition
• 15 neutrons
Term
The smallest possible particle of an element is a(n)
Definition
• atom
Term
A _____ is a weak interaction between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom within another molecule.
Definition
• hydrogen bond
Term
A compound that removes hydrogen ions from an aqueous solution is called a
Definition
• base
Term
How many chromosomes will be in the body cell of an organism if there are 20 chromosomes in the organism's egg?
Definition
• 40
Term
An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is
Definition
• greater chance for variations
Term
In meiosis, the chromosomes replicate
Definition
• once, with 2 cell divisions.
Term
The process of meiosis contains ___ cell divisions
Definition
• 2
Term
___ are actually pairs of paired chromosomes
Definition
• tetrads
Term
The last part of Meiosis I occurs when the cell splits into 2 daughter cells each containing ___ chromosome pairs
Definition
• 23
Term
The total number of cells produced by meiosis in the male is ___ and in the female ___
Definition
• 4, 1
Term
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
Definition
• haploid cells
Term
Gametes are produced by the process of
Definition
• meiosis
Term
In the human, the 23rd pairs of chromosomes are the
Definition
• sex chromosomes
Term
The nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell in the process of
Definition
• fertilization
Term
The result of crossing over is
Definition
• variations
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