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| A squirrel and an oak tree are both examples of individual |
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| Life’s basic unit of structure and function is the |
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| Each distinct form of life or type of organism is called a |
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| Organizing similar species into larger groups is called |
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| Unlike the members of domains Bacteria and Archaea, the members of domain Eukarya |
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| The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable is |
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| What is the term for a localized group of organisms belonging to the same species |
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| The cells of multicellular organisms are often |
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| · specialized to perform particular functions |
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| Which list represents the level of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level |
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Definition
| · cell, tissue, organ, organ system |
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| What is the term for all the parts of Earth inhabited by living things |
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| What organizational level includes all of the other levels |
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| Many biologists call the broadest category of life |
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| Which of the following is not a theme of biology |
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| Which of the following statements best explains why birds fly south for the winter |
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Definition
| · living things respond to the environment |
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| Cell specialization in multicellular organisms allow cells to |
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Definition
| · perform different functions |
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| The amount of light and temperature are examples of |
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Definition
| · Factors to which living things respond |
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| Which term refers to cells having different jobs in an organism |
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| A group of cells that together perform a similar function is called a |
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| An organ system is a group of organs that |
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| · work together in performing a major body function |
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| Living things cam be studied at different levels of organization from the molecular level to the largest level called the |
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| Along the length of each DNA molecule are units of inherited information called |
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| A biosphere is the community of living things in an area along with the nonliving features of the environment that support the living community is an |
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| The smallest living things are single |
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| There is a division of labor among the cells of ______ organisms. |
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| Measurements of a plant’s growth over a two-week period represent |
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| Jane Goodall’s research on chimpanzees in the wild is an example of |
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| A logical conclusion based on observations is called an |
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| You suggest that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is a |
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| A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test |
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| The work of scientists generally begins with |
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| • Making observations and asking questions |
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| When enough experimental data support a hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a |
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| Thinking that someone is at the door when you hear the doorbell ring is an example of an |
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| In science a hypothesis is useful only if |
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| The idea that “all living things are made of cells” is |
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| Biology is the scientific study of |
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| An experiment that tests the effects of a single variable is called a |
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| A well-tested explanation that makes sense of a great variety of observations is a |
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| The ability to reproduce results is and important part of any |
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| Which of the following might be a valid hypothesis for why a plant appears to be dying? |
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Definition
| • The plant is not being watered enough, being watered too much, and/or receiving too much sunlight |
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| The Pfennigs’ experiment included plain brown artificial snakes because |
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Definition
| • Brown snakes were needed as a control |
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| A falsifiable hypothesis is one that |
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Definition
| • Can be proven incorrect |
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| • May be disproved by a single experiment |
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| • May be modified or discarded |
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| • Explains new observations, predicts new observations, and matches new observations |
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| The use of genetic engineering to produce medicines is an example of |
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Definition
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| “The bird has brown spots on its wings” is an example of an |
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Definition
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| A condition that can differ within an experiment is called a |
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Definition
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| A falsifiable hypothesis is one that can be proven |
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Definition
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| In science, ______ consists of a collected body of data from observations and experiments. |
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| The goal of ______ is to apply scientific understanding for some specific purpose. |
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| An important goal of a scientist is to ask _____ about the natural world. |
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| A child’s height is an example of _______ data. |
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| Scientists are persuaded by logical arguments that are supported by |
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| The everyday meaning of theory is _____ the scientific meaning. |
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| Most scientists ______ communicate with others. |
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| The science that studies life is called |
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| An analogy of the brain to the computer is an example of a |
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| _______ is important so that scientists can check one another’s claims. |
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| The information you record during an experiment is called your |
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| Carbon can bond w/ 1 or more carbon atoms, producing a variety of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| • Polymers are made of monomers |
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| Which of the following organic compounds is the main fuel supply for cellular work |
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Definition
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| A steroid is a lipid molecule in which the carbon skeleton forms |
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Definition
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| Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins |
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Definition
| • Act as a main fuel for cells |
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Term
| Amino acid is to protein as |
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Definition
| • Simple sugar is to starch |
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Term
| Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by lowering the |
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Definition
| • Activation energy of the reaction |
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Term
| How many bonds can carbon form with other atoms? |
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Definition
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| A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a |
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Definition
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| Most carbon-based molecules are classified as |
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Definition
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| What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started? |
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Definition
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| The reaction that adds a monomer to a chain is called a |
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Definition
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| A carbohydrate made up of 2 sugar units is a |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| • Starch, glycogen, and cellulose |
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Definition
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| The differences between amino acids are in the |
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Definition
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| An example of denaturation is |
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Definition
| • An egg white changing to a white solid |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true? |
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Definition
| • Enzymes are not affected by temperature changes |
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Term
| Which of the following statements is true about catalysts? |
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Definition
| • Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction |
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Term
| A group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules is called a |
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Definition
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| Animal cells store excess sugar in the form of a polysaccharide called |
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Definition
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| ____ are water-avoiding, or hydrophobic, compounds |
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Definition
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| The process in which a protein unravels and loses its normal shape is called |
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Definition
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| Proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the cell without requiring high temperatures are |
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Definition
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| Groups and molecules that attract water molecules are known as |
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Definition
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| A _____ is an organic compound made up of sugar molecules |
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Definition
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| A ____ consists of a 3-carbon backbone called glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids |
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Definition
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Term
| Water-avoiding molecules are said to be |
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Definition
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| A ____ is a polymer constructed from a set of monomers called amino acids. |
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Definition
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| Specialized ____ in organisms that speed up chemical reactions are called enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
| Complex carbohydrates are to monosaccharides as polymers are to |
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Definition
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| ___ is a polysaccharide in plants that serve as a building material |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is a steroid that the body uses to produce other steroids |
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Definition
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| An ____ consists of a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a “side group” |
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Definition
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| A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme is called the enzyme’s |
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Definition
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Term
| Organic molecules composed of only carbon and hydrogen are known as |
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Definition
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Term
| The region labeled A is called a [image] |
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Definition
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Term
| The structures labeled B are called |
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Definition
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Term
| During which phases of mitosis are structures like the one shown above visible? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which event occurs during interphase? |
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Definition
| • The cell carries out metabolic processes |
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Term
| Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
| • Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phase |
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Term
| During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| One difference between cytokinesis in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have |
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Definition
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| What is a malignant tumor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a phase in the cell cycle? |
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Definition
| • G1 phase, G2 phase, M phase |
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Term
| Which structure divides during metaphase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure is composed of DNA and protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure aids in the movement of chromosomes during division? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reproduction by simple cell division is called _____ reproduction whereas the process in which two parents contribute genetic material is called ____ reproduction. |
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Definition
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| The structure shown in the figure above is a [image] |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell splits into two daughter cells during |
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Definition
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| ____ are the 2 sets of chromosomes found in a body cell- one set inherited from the male parent and the other from the female parent. |
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Definition
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| Mitosis results in 2 cells, whereas meiosis results in |
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Definition
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Term
| During metaphase, each chromosome is connected to a |
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Definition
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| During ____, the nucleus and the duplicated chromosomes divide and are evenly distributed, forming two “daughter” nuclei. |
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Definition
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| The process shown only happens in ___ cells that have just divided.[image] |
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Definition
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| The structure labeled A is called the[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common elements in most living things are |
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Definition
| • oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
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Term
| Which term describes a substance formed by the chemocal combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio? |
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Definition
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Term
| The nucleus is made up of |
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Definition
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Term
| Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and _____ |
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Definition
| • a different number of neutrons |
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Term
| Radioactive isotopes used in research and medicine are |
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Definition
| • used to observe what happens to different atoms within organisms |
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Term
| Radioactive isotopes used in research and medicine are |
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Definition
| • used to observe what happens to different atoms within organisms |
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Term
| What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons? |
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Definition
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Term
| In chemical reactions, atoms are ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Identify the reactant in chemical reaction: CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following makes up a molecule of water? |
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Definition
| • two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen |
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Term
| Ice floats on water because |
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Definition
| • its molecules are less densely packed than those in liquid water |
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Term
| The three particles that make up an atom are |
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Definition
| • protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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Term
| The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains |
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Definition
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Term
| If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons its atomic number is |
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Definition
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Term
| A covalent bond is formed as the result of |
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Definition
| • sharing an electron pair |
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Term
| When hydrogen and oxygen combine and form water, water is |
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Definition
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Term
| Water molecules are polar with |
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Definition
| • oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive |
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| Solutions that contain concentrations of H+ ions lower than pure water |
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Definition
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Term
| If the pH of stomach acid and of oven cleaner (a base) were measured |
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Definition
| • the pH of stomach acid would be above 7 but the pH of oven cleaner would be below 7 |
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| A map of eastern North America showing the pH of rainfall in the various states indicates that the pH of rain in New York state varies from 4.22 to 4.40 according to these figures the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH of |
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Definition
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| A substance with a pH of 6 is called |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| • uniform mixture of 2 or more substances |
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| When salt is dissolved in water, water is the |
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Definition
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Term
| A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means is an |
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Definition
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Term
| Usually it is the electrons in the ____ energy level of an atom that determine how that atom reacts |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is responsible for causing the surface of the water in a graduated cylinder to curve slightly at the sides |
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Definition
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Term
| When a substance is dissolved in water the result is called a |
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Definition
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| ____ are substances that cause a solution to resist changes in pH |
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Definition
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Term
| The symbol for the isotope oxygen 18 is usually written ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Scientists show the number and types of atoms in a molecule using a |
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Definition
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Term
| When atoms share 6 electrons they are joined by a _____ bond. |
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Definition
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Term
| A substance with equal numbers of H+ ions and OH- ions is a ____ solution |
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Definition
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Term
| The substances that are present when a chemical reaction begins are the |
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Definition
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Term
| The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the |
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Definition
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Term
| A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons is a(n) _____ bond. |
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Definition
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Term
| A water molecule is polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and the ____ atoms |
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Definition
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Term
| The pH scale is a measurement system that indicates the concentration of ____ in a solution |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is anything that occupies space and has mass. |
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Definition
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Term
| If a neutral atom contains 15 protons it must have |
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Definition
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Term
| The smallest possible particle of an element is a(n) |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ is a weak interaction between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom within another molecule. |
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Definition
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Term
| A compound that removes hydrogen ions from an aqueous solution is called a |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromosomes will be in the body cell of an organism if there are 20 chromosomes in the organism's egg? |
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Definition
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Term
| An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is |
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Definition
| • greater chance for variations |
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Term
| In meiosis, the chromosomes replicate |
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Definition
| • once, with 2 cell divisions. |
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Term
| The process of meiosis contains ___ cell divisions |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ are actually pairs of paired chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| The last part of Meiosis I occurs when the cell splits into 2 daughter cells each containing ___ chromosome pairs |
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Definition
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Term
| The total number of cells produced by meiosis in the male is ___ and in the female ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of |
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Definition
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Term
| Gametes are produced by the process of |
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Definition
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Term
| In the human, the 23rd pairs of chromosomes are the |
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Definition
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Term
| The nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell in the process of |
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Definition
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| The result of crossing over is |
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Definition
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