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Definition
| A heritage change in one or more characteristics of a population or species across many generations. |
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| Characteristics changing over time. |
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Definition
| Viewed on a larger scale relating to formation of new species or groups of species. |
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| Group of related organisms that share a distinctive form, function. |
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| Fishapod (Tiktaalik roseae) |
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Definition
| suggested to be a transitional form between fish and tetrapods; provides link between earlier and later. |
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Definition
| 2 different species from different theoretical ancestral lineages show similar characteristics, occupy similar environments. |
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| Alternation of Generations |
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Definition
| Sequence in a life cycle in which a haploid, gamete-producing phase is followed by a diploid, spore-producing phase; the spores of the latter reinitiate the haploid phase. |
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Definition
| Mycroscopic in flowering plants; produce gametes by mitosis. |
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Definition
| In flowering plants, large, independent, recognizable plant; produces spores by meiosis. |
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Term
| Shoot Apical Meristem (SAM) |
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Definition
| Rapidly dividing cells at shoot tips and branches. |
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Term
| Root Apical Meristem (RAM) |
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Definition
| Rapidly dividing cells at root tips. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shoot and Root Apical Meristems. |
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Definition
| Protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Produces vascular tissues (primary xylem and phloem). |
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Definition
| Produces ground tissues (cortex, pith). |
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Definition
| Surround the established stem of a plant and cause it to grow laterally. |
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Definition
| Bundles contain xylem and phloem tissue. |
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Definition
| Primarily responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from roots upward in plant body. |
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Definition
| Primarily responsible for the transport of organic nutrients (dissolved sugars) from leaves or roots to other areas of the plant. |
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Definition
| Arises from procambium as stem or root grows. |
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Definition
| Composed of Tracheids and vessel elements (dead cells) conduct water and dissolved minerals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of Sieve elements (living cells); companion cells aid seive element function. |
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Term
| Secondary Vascular Tissue |
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Definition
| Produced by vascular cambium. |
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Definition
| Conducts most of a woody plant's water and minerals. "wood" |
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Definition
| Only current year's production is active in food transport. "inner bark". |
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| Aboveground creeping stem. |
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Definition
| Underground modified stems that store food. |
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Definition
| Cells extend by water uptake. |
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Definition
| Root cell differentiation and tissue specialization. |
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Definition
| Taproots(one main root with many branches). |
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Definition
| Fibrous roots(no main root, many equivalent branches). |
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Definition
| Originate from stem, support the plant. |
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Definition
| Broad supporting structures in shallowly rooted trees. |
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Definition
| Upward directed appendage, allows for gas exchange. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Electrival signals-action potentials particularly important in rapid plant movements. |
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Definition
| Light, atmospheric gases, temperature, touch, wind, gravity, water, rocks, and soil stimuli. |
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Definition
| Process in which a cell perceives a signal, switching on an intracellular pathway that leads to cellular responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that become activated when they recieve a specific type of signal. |
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Term
| Messengers or Second Messengers |
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Definition
| Transmit messages from many types of activated sensors to effector molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules that directly influence cellular responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| About a dozen small molecules synthesized in metabolic pathways. |
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Definition
| "Master" plant hormone; influence plant structure, development, and behavior in many ways. |
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Definition
| Auxin flows down in shoots and into roots. |
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Definition
| Promote cell division in plant shoots and roots. |
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Definition
| Influence various developemental processes, including stem elongation, gemination, etc. |
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Definition
| Organic compound that helps ripen fruit. |
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Definition
| Help plants respond to environmental stresses such as flooding, drought, high salinity, cold, heat, and attack by microorganisms and herbivores. |
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Term
| Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) |
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Definition
| Localized response can result in the production of alarm signals that travel to noninfected regions of a plant and induce widespread resistance to diverse pathogens. |
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Term
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Definition
| May cause production of defensive enzymes or tannins. |
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Definition
| Growth in response to the force of gravity. |
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Definition
| Touch Responses. Roots encounter rocks as they grow down. |
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Definition
| Respond to light absorption by switching on signal transduction. |
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Definition
| Red light receptors involved in timing of germination, flowering. |
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Term
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Definition
| Help young seedlings determine if light environment is bright enough for photosynthesis. |
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Definition
| Main blue light receptor in phototropism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flower is spring or summer, when night is shorter. |
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Definition
| Flower in late summer, fall, or winter when days are shorter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regardless of night length, flowers when day meets minimal length requirements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physiological reaction or organisms to the length of day or night. |
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Term
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Definition
| beneficial substance metabolized by or incorporated into an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances needed by plants in order to complete their reproductive cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Required in amounts of at least 1g/kg of plant dry matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Required in amounts at or less than .1g/kg per day. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Most often associated with a young earth; most straight forward reading of the Genesis text. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Yom" as age rather than literal 24-hr day. |
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Term
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Definition
| Days are God's work days, not identical to our work days. |
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Term
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Definition
| Length of actual days is unspecified, order and events are unimportant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Show distinctive assemblies of fossil organisms. Simpler organisms=deeper strata; more complex strata=higher strata. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decays into nitrogen 14. Radioactive isotope of carbon. |
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Definition
| Deposited in volcanic rock layers. Ratio of potassium 40 to argon 40. |
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Definition
| Evolution would not occur in a world of perfectly adapted creatures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristics of organisms were evidence that creatures were designed for a particular purpose. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Interpreted the fossil strata |
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| James Hutton and Chales Lyell |
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Definition
| Suggested that the catastrophic idea was invalid, but continuous processes that continue to opperate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Developed an early evolutionary model (1809. Organisms have tendency to adapt and change. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevent formation of zygote. |
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Definition
| Block development of viable, fertile individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Geographic barrier prevents contact. |
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Definition
| Reproduce at different times of the day or year. |
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Definition
| Behaviors important in mate choice; changes in song. |
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Term
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Definition
| Size or incompatible genitalia prevents mating. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gametes fail to unite successfully. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fertilized egg cannot progress past early embryonic stages. |
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Definition
| Interspecies hybrid viable but sterile. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hybrids viable and fertile but subsequent generations have genetic abnormalities. |
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Definition
| Proposed to be the most common source of evolution, cladogenesis (splitting of lineages). |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when members of a species that initially occupy the same habitat within the same range diverge into two or more different species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Single species evolves into array of descendents that differ greatly in habitat, form or behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-disjunction of chromosomes during meiosis, self-fertilization. |
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Definition
| Results from the cross fertilization between two species. |
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Term
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Definition
| A similarity in structures in two species attributed to common evolutionary ancestor. |
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Definition
| Structures that are found in adult mature organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anatomical structures that have highly reduced or no apparent current function. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structures that are present in animals and plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Similarities in cells at the molecular level suggest to some that living species evolved from a common ancestor or interrelated group of common ancestors. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 genes derived from the same ancestral gene. May reveal possible molecular details of evolutionary change. |
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Term
| Morphological Species Concept |
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Definition
| Species are identified by having a unique combination of physical traits. |
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Term
| Biological Species Concept |
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Definition
| A species is a group of individuals whose members have the potential to interbreed with one another in nature to produce viable, fertile offspring but cannot successfully interbreed with members of other species. |
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| Evolutionary/Phylogenetic Species Concept |
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Definition
| A species is derived from a single lineage that is distinct from other lineages and has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate. |
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Definition
| Genetic relationship between an individual or group of individuals and its ancestors. |
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Definition
| Only one blade, advantages in shade by providing maximal light absorption. |
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Term
| Complex or Compound Leaves |
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Definition
| Dissected into leaflets, common in hot environmets for heat dissipation. |
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Definition
| Regulate stomatal opening and closing. |
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Definition
| Offer protection from excessive light, UV radiation, extreme air temperature, or attack by herbivores. |
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Definition
| Attachment for leaves and branches. |
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Definition
| Regions between the nods. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain meristematic tissue, areas of growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Derived from primary meristem (procambium). |
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Term
| Secondary Vascular Tissue |
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Definition
| Derived from secondary meristem (vascular cambium). |
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