Term
| 3 forms of tissue level transport |
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Definition
transmembrane
symplastic
apoplastic |
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Term
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Definition
| export of materials from one cell into the intercellular space, followed by import of the same substance by an adjacent cell |
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Term
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Definition
movement of substance from the cytosol of one cell to the cytosol of an adjacent cell via plasmodesmata
occurs by diffusion |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement of solutes through cell wall material, spaces b/t cells |
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Term
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Definition
| continuum of water- soaked cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| barrier b/t root cortex and central core |
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Term
|
Definition
| prevent apoplastic transport into root vascular tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| large amounts of water enter the long distance conducting cells of the xylem, carrying solutes along |
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Term
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Definition
| mass movement of liquid caused by pressure, tension, gravity, capillary action, combo of these |
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Term
| tracheids and vessel elements |
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Definition
| specialized water conducting cells; alway dead and empty of cytosol when mature |
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Term
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Definition
| long and narrow with slanted end walls |
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Term
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Definition
| plants expend little or no energy on bulk flow thru xylem |
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Term
| forces that power xylem bulk flow |
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Definition
adhesion
water is cohesive
sun's energy |
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Term
| adaptations to reduce tanspirational water loss |
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Definition
stomatal movements
leaf abcission/ leaf drop |
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Term
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Definition
| produce male gametophyte and foster their early development |
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|
Term
male reproductive organs:
diploid cells undergo meiosis producing 4 ___________ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| each microspore nucleus undergoes _____ to form male gametophyte |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____ divides to produce 2 sperm cells |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ will form pollen tube |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| vase shaped structures the produce, enclose, nurture female gametophytes and mature male gametophytes |
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Term
| carpels contain one or more carpels that from a ______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| produces and nourishes one or more ovule |
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Term
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Definition
| spore-producing structure enclosed in integuments |
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Term
| each ovule produces a single female gametophyte by _______ |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
one of the 2 sperm cells fertilizes the egg to produce the diploid zygote
other sperm fuses with 2 nuclei |
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Term
| nutrients in endosperm comes from..... |
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Definition
| parent sporophyte by apoplastic transport |
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Term
| eudicots store nutrients from endosperm in _____ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| phloem works under ____ pressure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| xylem works under ______ pressure |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
syplastic
partial apoplastic |
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Term
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Definition
| many woody plants transport sucrose from sugar producing cells of the leaf to companion cells and then to sieve tube elements via plasmodosmata |
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Term
|
Definition
partial transmembrane transport
load sugar into sieve tube elements or companion cells from intercellular spaces, often up a concentration gradient by active transport |
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Term
|
Definition
| tissue that is producing/releasing sugar |
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Term
|
Definition
| tissue that is actively taking up and sorting sugar |
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Term
|
Definition
| bulk transport from source to source to sink tissue |
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Term
| alternation of generation |
|
Definition
diploid, spore producing sporophyte
haploid, gamete producing gametophye |
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Term
| flower organs produced by shoot _____ ______ |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| often function to protect unopened flower bud |
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Term
|
Definition
| usually serve in attraction of pollinators |
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Term
|
Definition
| produce male gametophytes and foster their early developments |
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Term
|
Definition
| composed of single or multiple fused carpels |
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Term
|
Definition
| young, multicellular diploid sporophyte |
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Term
| seeds contain tissues from 2 _____ generations |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
no cell wall
no photosynthesis
rapid, coordinated movement |
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Term
| 4 Types of animal tissues |
|
Definition
muscle
nervous
epithelial
connective |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
attached to BONE or exoskeleton for locomotion
VOLUNTARY control |
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Term
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Definition
surrounds hollow tubes and cavities for propulsion of contents
INvoluntary control |
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Term
|
Definition
only in the heart
INvoluntary control |
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Term
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Definition
| initiate and conduct electrical signals from one part of body to another |
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Term
|
Definition
| sheets of densely packed cells that cover the body or individual organs, or line the walls of body cavities |
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Term
| epithelial tissues are specialized to.... |
|
Definition
protect
provide selective permeability
secrete/absorb materials |
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Term
|
Definition
| blood, adipose, bone, cartilage |
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Term
| functions of connective tissue |
|
Definition
provides scaffold for attachment
protects and cushions
mechanical strength
transmit mechanical forces |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of 2 or more kinds of TISSUES, organized together to provide coordinated function |
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Term
|
Definition
| diff organs work together to perform. regulate complex function |
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Term
| 2 main components of body fluids |
|
Definition
intracellular fluid
extracellular fluid |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| 2 kinds circulatory system |
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Definition
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|
Term
| closed circulatory systems |
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Definition
| fluid pumped within vessel system of blood |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| fluid b/t cells outside vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
| fluid pumped but no distinction b/t pumped fluid and interstitial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| eat plant and animal material |
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Term
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Definition
| any substance consumed by an animal that is needed for survival, growth,development, tissue repair production |
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Term
|
Definition
| small molecules are often transported from area of digestion to animal's circulatory system |
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Term
| ATP energy can be used for.... |
|
Definition
transport work
mechanical work
chemical work |
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Term
| 5 categories of organic food molecules for complete nutrition |
|
Definition
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
vitamins |
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Term
|
Definition
| phosphate, potassium, sodium, calcium, iron... |
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Term
| 4 groups of essential nutrients |
|
Definition
essential amino acids
essential fatty acids
essential minerals
essential vitamins |
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Term
|
Definition
isoleucine
leucine
lysine
methionine
phenylalanine
threonine
tryptophan
valine |
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Term
| carnivores and omnivores obtain their essential amino acids in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| needed for building fats, phospholipids, steroid hormones |
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Term
| strict carnivores obtain essential amino acids from... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unsaturated fatty acids found primarily in ______ |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
required in trace amounts
less than 1-2 mg/day |
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Term
|
Definition
required in larger amounts
more than 10 mg/day |
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Term
|
Definition
fat soluble vitamins
water soluble vitamins |
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|
Term
| fat soluble vitamins store in ____ ______ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| vitamins serve as __________ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
intracellular
intercellular |
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Term
|
Definition
| food molecules broken down by enzymes in intracellular compartments (lysosomes) |
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Term
|
Definition
| digestion occurs in a body cavity prior to being absorbed into the body and transported |
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Term
|
Definition
| single elongated tube with entry and exit ends |
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Term
| alimentary canals are lined by ______ cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| order of alimentary canal |
|
Definition
oral cavity
pharynx, larynx
stomach
small intestine
accessory organs
large intestine |
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|
Term
| esophagus transmits food from ______ to ______ |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| enzyme in saliva kills ingested bacteria |
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Term
|
Definition
| sac like organ for storing food and digestive function |
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Term
| cells in gastric glands secret..... |
|
Definition
hydrochloric acid
pepsinogen |
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Term
|
Definition
| kills microbes, dissolves particulate matter |
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Term
|
Definition
| inactive form converted to pepsin to begin PROTEIN digestion |
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Term
| digestive processes and churning reduces food to ______ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| herbivores rely on _________ to digest cellulose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chambers of complex stomach |
|
Definition
forestomach
- rumen
- reticulum
- omasum
abomasum |
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|
Term
| rumen and reticulum contain.... |
|
Definition
| cellulose- digesting microbes |
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Term
|
Definition
| absorbs water and salt from food |
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Term
|
Definition
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