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Definition
| in one or more characteristics of a population species across many generations |
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Definition
| varien versions of a gene |
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| genetic or phenotypic changes within a population over time on a smaller scale |
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Definition
| formation of new species or groups of species on a larger scale |
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| group of related organisms that share a distinctive form |
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| physical form of organisms |
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| common structure between 2 species that derivived from a common evolutionary ancestor |
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Definition
| anatomical, developmental, molecular, genetic |
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| homologous structures are structures in diff species that are proposed to be derived from a common ancestor |
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| vestigial anatomical structures |
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Definition
| going under deterioration from lack of lose. no apparent function |
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Definition
| species that differ as adults oftern bear significant similarties during embryonic stages |
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| similarities in cells at the molecular level suggest to some that living species evolved form a common ancestor or interrelated group of common ancestor |
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| 2 genes dervived from the same ancestral gene. may reveal possible molecular details of evolutionary change |
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| range of unidentified species |
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| morphological species concept |
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Definition
| species are identified by havinf a unique combination of physical traits |
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| species concept advantages |
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Definition
| can be applied to all organisms both asexual and sexual can be applied to extinct organisms |
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| species concept disadvantages |
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Definition
| which traits should be considered and how many, where should a line be drawn. traits vary in continuous ways |
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| biological species concept |
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Definition
| species is a group of individuals whose members have the potential to interbreed with one another in nature to produce viable fertile offspring but cannot successfully interbreed with other species |
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Definition
| genetic relations between an individual or group of individuals and its ancestors species are unbranched lack of phylogenetic trees |
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| ecological species concepts |
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Definition
| each species occupies a unique ecological niche, unique set of habitat resources that a species requires as well as its influence on the enviroment and other species |
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Term
| reproduction isolation mechanism |
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Definition
| consequence of genetic changes as diverging species populations adapt their enviroments preventing exchange of genetic material |
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Term
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Definition
| block development of viable fertile individuals prevent fusion of sperm and eggs |
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Term
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Definition
| block development of viable fetile individuals prevent fusion of sperm and egg |
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Term
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Definition
| habitat isolation,, temporal, behavioral isolation, mechanical, gametic isolation |
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| geographic barrier prevents contact |
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Definition
| reproduce a different times of the day or year |
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| behaviors important in mate choice |
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| size or other incompatible genitalia prevents mating |
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| gametes fail to unite successful |
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Term
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Definition
| hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility, hybrid breakdown |
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Term
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Definition
| fertilized egg cannot progress past early emryonic stages |
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| interspecies hybrid viable but sterile |
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Definition
| hybrids viable and fertile but subseqeuent generations have genetic abnormalitives |
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Definition
| occurs when members of a species that initially occupy the same within the same range diverge into two or more diff species |
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Definition
| most common source of evolution cladogenesis, occurs when some members of a species becomes genetically geopgraphically isolated |
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Definition
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| single species evolves into a ray of descendents that differ grealty in habitat for or behavior |
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| more of this specie than any other |
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Term
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Definition
| in flowering plants large independent produces spores my meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| microscopic in flowering plants produce gametes by mitois |
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Term
| 4 essential processes of plant growth and development |
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Definition
| cell division, growth, cell specialization and apoptosis |
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Term
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Definition
| program of cell death cellular suicuide |
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Term
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Definition
| expansion of cells in controlled directions by water uptake |
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Term
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Definition
| apical meristem, primary meristem, secondary meristem |
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Term
| 2 types of apical meristem |
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Definition
| shoot aoical meristem and root apical meristem |
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Term
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Definition
| rapidally dividing cells at shoot tips and branches produces shoot system |
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Term
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Definition
| rapidally diving cells at root tips produces root sys |
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| 3 types of primary meristem |
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Definition
| protoderm, procambium, ground meristem |
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| produces vascular tissues primary (xylem andd phloem) |
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Definition
| produces ground tissues( cortex and pith) |
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Definition
| surround the established stem of a plant and cause it to grow laterally larger in girth diameter |
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Definition
| main photosynthetic sys , site of gas exchange, susceptable to water loss, drying |
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Definition
| only one blade advantages in shade by providing miximal light absorbtion |
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Term
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Definition
| dissect into leaflets, common in hot enviroments for heat disspation |
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Term
| pinnate or palmate venation |
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Definition
| eudico leaves have this type of venation |
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Term
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Definition
| monocot leaves have this type of venation |
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Term
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Definition
| waxy cuticle on epidermis |
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Term
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Definition
| helps avoid desiccation, filter uv radiation, reduce microbe and animal attacks |
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Term
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Definition
| regulate stomatal opening and closing |
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Term
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Definition
| offer protection from excessive light , ultra violet radiation, extreme air templ or attack by herbivores |
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Term
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Definition
| could be useful because it allows a pull from the roots through th eplant |
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Definition
| support for plant body carrie snutrients throughout the plant defense sys against predators and infection, produce leaves, branches and flowers, holds up leaves used for storage and phtosynthesis |
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Definition
| derived form primary meristems |
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Term
| secondary vascular tissue |
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Definition
| derived from secondary meristems |
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Term
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Definition
| produce mosly primary vascular tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| produce primary and secondary vascular tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| branch points for leaves main stems |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of stem between nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| contain meristomatic tissue areas of growth |
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Term
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Definition
| primarly responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from roots upward in plant body |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for the transport of organic nutrients disolved sugars from leaves or roots to other areas of the plant flow can occur in both directions depending on time of year |
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Term
| what xylem is composed of |
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Definition
| tracheids and vessel elements as its functional elements conduct water and dissolved minerals dead cells hollowed out |
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Term
| what is phloem composed of |
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Definition
| sieve elements( living cells ) companion cells aid sieve elements function, supportive fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| dead cork cells from cork cambium |
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Term
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Definition
| secondary phloem form vascular cambium |
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Definition
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Definition
| above ground creeping stem |
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Definition
| underground modified stems that store food |
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Definition
| plant hormone, influence plant structure development and behavior in may ways |
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Definition
| light, atmosphere gases water vapor temp touch wind gravity |
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Definition
| electrical signals important in rapid plant movement |
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Term
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Definition
| help plant respond to enviromental stresses( flooding drought cold heat) |
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Definition
| growth in response to the force of gravity shoots are negative gravitrophic but most are postitve |
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Term
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Definition
| contain starch heavy plastids called statoliths |
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Term
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Definition
| touch responses, roots encouter rocks as they grow down touch response temporarily supersedes their response to gravity |
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Definition
| promote cell division in plant shoots and roots |
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Definition
| influence various developmental processes including stem |
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Definition
| stimulates or regulates the ripening of fruit the opening of flowers and the abscission of leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| flower in spring/early summer when night period is shorter day is longer |
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Definition
| flower only when night is longer. dall or late summer and winter |
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Term
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Definition
| flower regardless of night length as long as day length meets rewuirements for plant growth |
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Term
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Definition
| root sys of flowerin gplants absorbs water and dissolved mineral from soil |
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Term
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Definition
| how much of plant weight is water |
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Term
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Definition
| nitrogen. potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, phosporus |
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Term
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Definition
| chlorine, iron, magnese, boron, zince, sodium, copper, nickel |
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Term
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Definition
| plants release chemical defenses that are repulsive to herbivores |
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Term
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Definition
| checimcals are produced and travel to noninfected regions to create a widespread resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| metabolic biochemical reactions, solvent for other minerals the main transport in plants source of hyrogens and oxygen |
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