Term
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Definition
| Shows distinctive assemblies of fossil organisms. The simpler an organism the lower in the rock strata it appears. More complex organisms appear higher in the strata. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incoming stimuli are converted into neural signals. Either chemical or physical stimuli from an amimal's body or the external enviroment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Concious awareness of sensations. Not all sensations are conciously perceived by an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recognizes stimulus and initiates signal transduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain receptors. Respond to extremes of heat, cold, and pressure as well as other molecules such as acids. |
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Definition
| Respond to cold or heat. Respond to specific chemicals. Infrared, ultraviolet receptors and magnetic fields. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transduce mechanical energy |
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Term
| Electromagnetic receptors |
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Definition
| Detect radiation within a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. |
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Term
| Nucleus- in a vertebrate nervous system |
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Definition
| A cluster of neuron cell bodies that serve in a common function in the central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
| Cells in the visual detection organ of arthropods with compound eyes. |
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Term
| Lateral line system in fish |
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Definition
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Term
4 of the creation day views
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Definition
-6 day-
Associated with young earth, earth viewed as 4-5000 years old
-Day Age-
"Yom" as age rather than literal 24 hour day, days are not 24 hours. Old earth viewpoint.
-Analogical Day-
Days are God's workdays and not our own. Days not not known in length, may overlap.
-Framework-
Creation week is a metaphor to communicate historical creation activities. Timing of events is unimportant
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Term
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Definition
| Radioactive version of carbon. Decays into nitrogen and happens at a certain rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deposited in volcanic rock layers. Used for dating. |
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Term
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Definition
4.5 Billion years ago
Fossil evidence of prokaryotes-bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
3.8 Billion years ago
Photosynthetic bacteria. 1st Eukaryotic cells |
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Term
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Definition
2.5 Billion years ago
Multicellular Eukaryotes organisms. Bilateral eukaryotes-head, tail, belly, and back organization.
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Term
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Definition
553 Million years ago
All body types found today now appear.
cambrian explosion-plants, animals, insects are found suddenly |
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Term
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Definition
Heritable change in characteristics of a species in many generations.
Change in allele frequencies
Macro and microevolution
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Term
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Definition
Father of taxonomy
Classification into kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. This was an attempt to establish evolutionary relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
Catastropsim
Interpreted fossil strata as a record of life history
Speculated that boundaries between fossil strata corresponds to the time of historical catastrophic events. Cause mass extinction. |
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Term
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Definition
Geological change due to slow, continuous processes that operate in the world.
Canyons form by slow erosion and fossil bearing strata accumulates over time.
Suggests old earth |
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Term
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Definition
A drive towards complexity- an intrinsic guide
Developed an early evolutionary model
A continuous line of descent from simple to complex organisms |
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Term
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Definition
Darwin took his voyage on this ship in 1831-1836
South America was a main focus |
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Term
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Definition
Darwin's theory preceded Mendel's genetics work; no conception of mechanism of inheritance
Genetics has allowed us to understand the realtionships between traits and heritability
Natual variation exists that is caused by random changes in genetic material
Genetic changes can be advantageous, disadvantageous or neutral.
Natural selection |
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Term
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Definition
| Much of what we know about the history of life on earth comes from the study of fossils |
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Term
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Definition
| Two different species from different theoretical ancestral lineages show similar characteristics; occupy similar enviroments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Similarity in structures of two animal species attributed to a common ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
Adult mature organisms.
Vestigal structures are anatomical structures that have a highly reduced or no apparent function |
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Term
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Definition
| Species that differ as adults but bear similarities during embryotic stages |
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Term
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Definition
| Biochemical characteristics of cells |
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Term
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Definition
Two genes derived from the same ancestrial gene-may reveal molecular details of evolutionary change
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Term
Morphological Species Concept
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Definition
Species are identified by having a unique combination of physical traits
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Term
| Biological Species Concept |
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Definition
| A species is a group of individuals whose members have the potential to interbreed with one another in nature to produce vialble, fertile offspring but cannot interbreed with memberss of other species |
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Term
| Reproduction isolation in natural enviroments |
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Definition
| Biological species concept |
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Term
| Evolutionary/Phylogenetic Species Concept |
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Definition
| A species is derived from a single lineage that has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical traits |
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Term
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Definition
Genetic relationship between an individual or a group of individuals and its ancestors.
Hard to examine the lineages |
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Term
| Ecological Species Concept |
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Definition
Each species occupies a unique ecological niche with certain functions and needs.
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Term
Compete for survival.
An overlap |
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Definition
| Ecological Species Concept |
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Term
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Definition
| Formation of another species |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevent formation of zygote |
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Term
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Definition
| Block development of viable, fertile individuals |
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Term
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Definition
Prezygotic barrier
Geographic barrier prevents contact |
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Term
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Definition
Prezygotic barrier
Reproduce at different times of the day or year. |
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Term
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Definition
Prezygotic isolation
Size or incomparable genitalia prevents mating |
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Term
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Definition
Prezygotic barrier
Gametes fail to unite successfully
Molecular recognition
Important for species that release the gametes into the air or water |
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Term
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Definition
| Block development of viable, fertile individuals |
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Term
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Definition
Post-zygotic
Fertilized eggs cannot progress past embryonic stages |
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Term
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Definition
Post-zygotic
Inter species hybrid viable, but sterile
Mules |
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Term
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Definition
Post-zygotic barrier
Hybrids viable and fertile but subsequent generation have genetic abnormalities |
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Term
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Definition
The origin of species
Most common source of evolution
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Occurs when members of a species become geographically separated and then diverge |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Small population moves to a new location that is geographically separated
Genetic drift and natual selection leads to separation |
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Term
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Definition
| Single species evolves into array of decendents that differ greatly in habitat and form or behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when members of a species that initially occupy the same habitiat within the same range diverge into two or more different species |
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Term
| Abrupt genetic change that quickly leads to the reproductive isolation of a group of individuals |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Self fertilization in plants
Non disjuction of chomosomes during meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
Cross fertilization between two species.
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Term
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Definition
| Proposed to be an allotetraploid species for genes of every type of organism |
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Term
| All plants exhibit ________ __ ________ |
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Definition
| alteration of generations |
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Term
| Sequence in a life cycle in which a__1__ gamete producing phase is followed by a ___2__ spore-producing phase; the spores reinitiate the ____3___ phase through the process of ___4___ |
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Definition
1.haploid
2.diploid
3.haploid
4.meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
Haploid
Microscopic in flowering plants
Produce gametes by mitosis |
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Term
| Flower tissues protect male and female |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Annual
Biennials
Perennials |
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Term
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Definition
| Plants that die after producing seeds in their first year of life |
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Term
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Definition
| Plants that do not reproduce the first year but may the second |
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Term
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Definition
Plants that live for more than two years.
Produce seeds almost every year |
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Term
| Four essential processes for growth and development |
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Definition
1. Cell division
2. Cell growth
3. Cell specialization
4. Apoptosis-Cell death |
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Term
| Growth by _________ of cells in controlled directions, by water uptake |
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Definition
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Term
| Rapidly dividing cells at shoot, tips and branches |
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Definition
Shoot apical meristem
(SAM) |
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Term
Rapidly dividing cells at root tips
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Definition
Root apical meristem
(RAM) |
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Term
| Three types of primary meristems |
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Definition
1. Protoderm
2. Procanbium
3. Ground meristem |
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Term
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Definition
| Generates epidermis with unspecialized cells |
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Term
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Definition
Produces vascular tissues
Xylem and phloem |
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Term
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Definition
Produces gound tissues
Cortex and Pith |
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Term
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Definition
Causes the stem to grow laterally
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Term
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Definition
Lays down the outter cork such as the bark
Dead cells |
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Term
| Stem cells divides to produce one cell that stay _____ and one cell that _______ in to various ______cells |
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Definition
| unspecialized, differentiates, specialized |
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Term
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Definition
Only one blade
Maximal light adsorption |
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Term
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Definition
| Leaflets help in hot environments because of easy heat dissipation |
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Term
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Definition
Leaves that have pinnate venation
Netted veins with branching patterns that provides support |
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Term
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Definition
| Leaves that have parallel veins |
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Term
| The cuticle helps do three things |
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Definition
1. Prevent the moisture from leaving
2. Filter UV light
3.Reduce microbial and animal attack
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Term
| _______ protect from extensive light, animal attack, and radiation damage |
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Definition
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Term
| Herbacious vascular system produces |
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Definition
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Term
| Woody vascular tissues produce |
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Definition
| primary and secondary vascular tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Electrical signals that alter potentials
Important in rapid plant movements
Venus fly trap
Chemical signals such as hormones that control plant cell, tissue and organ development |
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Term
External enviromental stimuli
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Definition
| Light, atmospheric gases, temperature and touch |
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Term
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Definition
Transport of water and dissolved minerals from roots upward in plants
Located in the center of the stem |
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Term
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Definition
Transport of organic nutients from leaves or roots the rest of the plant
Flow occurs in both directions |
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Term
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Definition
| Living cells in the phloem |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Above ground creeping stem |
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Term
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Definition
| Underground modified stems that store food |
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Term
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Definition
| are the cells that extend by water uptake |
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Term
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Definition
| Root cell differentiation and tissue specialization identified by the presence of root hairs |
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Term
| Six plant hormones that synthesize metabolic pathways |
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Definition
Auxin
Cytokinins
Gibberellins
Ethylene
Abscisic acid
Brassinosteriods |
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