Term
| Chisholm v. Georgia (1793) |
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Definition
| Court held that leading to the 11th amendment, of a person of another state is not able to sue a state. |
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Term
| Barron v. Baltimore (1833) |
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Definition
| Supreme court ruled that the national bill of rights limited only the actions of the us government and not of the states. led to the 14th amendment. |
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Term
| Pollack v. Farmers Loan and Trust (1895) |
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Definition
| Stated that the Income Tax act of 1894 was unconstitutional. Congress tried to tax incomes uniformly. Led to the 16th amendment. |
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Term
| Oregon v. Mitchell (1970) |
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Definition
| led to the 26th amendment, about states declaring voting ages for national and state/local elections. |
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Term
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) |
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Definition
| The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the National Bank. The Court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers. |
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Term
| Williams v. Carolina (1945) |
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Definition
| Full Faith and Credit Clause. Two men got married in one state, then divorced, and then they both got married to other people, later on returned to the same state, and then were both accused of bigamy because the other state did not recognize their divorce. |
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Term
| Kentucky v. Dennison (1861) |
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Definition
| led to Extradition. Someone in another state who flees to another state for a crime, must be brought back by the state's governor to come ti truak, |
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Term
| Gitlow v. New York (1925) |
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Definition
| A landmark case that established that the freedoms of speech and the press are protected against state impairment by the due process clause in the 14th amendment. Considered to be the first step in the development of the incorporation doctrine. |
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Definition
| The Court ruled that a prayer drafted by the school board was unconstitutional, in other words, prayer in public school violated the Establishment Clause. |
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Term
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Definition
| The court established the three pronged lemon test to ensure that the wall between church and state was maintained. in order for a law or practice to be deemed constitutional it must have a primary effect that neither advances nor inhibits religion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Polygamy can be prohibited because religious beliefs that impair the public interest are not protected by the First Amendment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Words normally protected by the 1st Amendment may come under prohibitions when of such a nature and under such circumstances as to create a clear and present danger, which congress has a right to prevent |
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Term
| Brandonburg v. Ohio (1969) |
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Definition
| the direct incitement test - the government can punish advocacy of illegal action only if such advocacy is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action. |
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Term
| New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) |
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Definition
| public figures must prove 'actual malice' in a libel case. Court ruled that 'knowledge or falsity' and 'reckless disregard of the truth' must be proved in public figure libel cases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Obscenity was not meant to be protected by the 1st amendment's guarantee of free speech. it is difficult to define what is obscene |
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Term
| Miller v. California (1973) |
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Definition
| Material is obscene if community standards find the work unwholesome or immoderate, is patently offensive, and lacks literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. |
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Term
| Miranda v. Arizona (1966) |
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Definition
| Ruled that anyone taken into police custody must be apprised of their rights. Anything they say can and will be used against them in a court of law. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Court upheld broad congressional power over interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers. |
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Term
| Gideon v. Wainright (1963) |
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Definition
| Guaranteed the accused the right to assistance of counsel for defense (in the states) |
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Term
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Definition
| The trial found the death penalty to be constitutional and reinstated its use. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Supreme Court found that a woman's right to an abortion was protected by the right to privacy that could be implied from specific guarantees found in the Bill of Rights applied to the states through the 14th amendment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ruled that the statute against homosexuals, pertaining to their right to privacy and sodomy laws, was unconstitutional because it violated the due process clause. |
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Term
| Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) |
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Definition
| decision that upheld the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law that criminalized oral and anal sex in private between consenting adults. |
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Term
| Gonzales v. Oregon (2005) |
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Definition
| Court ruled the federal government could not prohibit physicians from using medication to assist in suicide in accordance to oregon law. |
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