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| Grandfather Clause ruled unconstitutional |
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| Decided that federal courts have jurisprudence in matters of malapportionment |
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| Declared that both chambers of all state legislatures must be apportioned by population |
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| One person one vote doctrine applied to congressional districts |
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| Affirmed the Constitutionality of restrictive primaries |
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| Restrictive primaries ruled unconstitutional |
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| Decided that although race can be a factor in redistricting, it can not be the main factor |
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| There was a very large district in Georgia, created to assure that an African American would win the election; supreme court ruled this district unconstitutional |
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| Affirmed the lower court's decision in Miller vs. Johnson |
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| Allowed North Carolina's racially gerrymandered 12th district, because the Supreme court argued that race correlates closely with political behavior; so in some cases, redistricting that seems to be on a racial basis actually isn't, and is thus constitutional |
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