Term
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Definition
| Cook County released many employees based on partisanship. Courts ruled that discharge can only be based on partisanship if the position has policy making decisions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Democrat New York Public Defender released two Republcian Defenders saying their position had policy making decisions. Court said the position must be inherently political in nature. |
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Term
Cynthia Rutan, et. al. v. Republican Party of Illinois (1990) |
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Definition
| Froze hiring with only exceptions made by Republcian Governor (who had a pattern of only letting in Republcians). Court ruled this was against the free speech ammendment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prohibits using political party identity as criteria for fedral bureaucracy jobs. Also created the U.S. Civil Service Commission to be a watchdog to ensure the role of merit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prohibits discrimination in hiring and applies to federal government and private with 25 or more employees |
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Term
| Equal Emplyment Opportunity-EEO (1972) |
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Definition
| Applies Civil Rights Act to local government |
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Term
| Age Discrimination Act (1974) |
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Definition
| Prohibits discrimnation on bases of age unless it affects public safety |
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Term
Miller v. Bank of America (1979) |
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Definition
| Anti-sexual discrimination/harrasment applied to state and local governements |
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Term
| Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) |
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Definition
| Employeres must make reasonable accommodation |
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Term
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Definition
| Compensatory to minority classes (African Americans, Native Americans, Women, etc.) Can recruit to fill gaps. Law syas jobs can't be a guaranteed because of quotas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decided by pay by the market. Jobs are examined by social services. Scored by the dimensions of the jobs. |
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Term
| Total Quality Management (TQM) |
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Definition
| Employee participation in the analysis of how an agency is functioning and in designing imporvements |
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Term
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Definition
| Representation in House- Inequality of representation is against the constitution |
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Term
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Definition
| Representation in Senate (same principle of Bakcer v. Carr) Reapportion: 1 man= 1 vote. Rural to urban representation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Complaint about reapportionment engineered by the republicans. Republicans got 48% of the vote, but got 57 out of 100 of the the seats. Punishment was a closer watch on the reapportionment. |
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Term
| Vieth v. Jebelirer (2004) |
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Definition
| Gerrymandering in Pennsylvania which gave benefit to republcian. Democrats sue, saying it denied equal democratci representation. Congress said they were represented equall, but agreed it violated 1 man= 1 vote. |
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Term
| United Jewish Organization of Wiliamsburg Inc. v. Hugh L. Carey (1977) |
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Definition
| Redistricting minimizes minority group representation. Court agrees. |
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Term
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Definition
Extends to state legislative districts that redistricting must meet the tests brought up previously. Noticed reverse favoritism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Redistriction was a violation and actually gave reverse favoritism to minorities. |
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Term
| League of United Latin American Citizens et. al. v. Perry Governor of Texas et. al. (2006) |
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Definition
| Purpose redesitricting dilute the vote of Hispoanic Americans. Sustained ability of Legislature to reapportion anytime within a decade. |
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