Term
| What modality of counseling feels a person produces and is a product of conditioning? |
|
Definition
| Neobehavioristic (Bandura) |
|
|
Term
| What counseling modality believes people are not good or bad and have the capacity to govern life effectively as a whole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What modality of counseling feels humans are like other animals in that they are mechanistic and controlled by the environment and reinforcement, are not good or bad, and they have no self determination? |
|
Definition
| Behavior Modification (Skinner) |
|
|
Term
| What counseling modality believes people have a cultural and biological tendency to think in a disturbed manner, but can be taught to think differently? |
|
Definition
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
(Albert Ellis) |
|
|
Term
| What counseling modality thinks man strives for a sense of self fulfillment and individuation? |
|
Definition
| Analytic Psychology (Jung) |
|
|
Term
| What counseling modality believes that through education and scientific data, man can become himself, humans are born with potential for good or evil, and we need others to unleash positive potential? |
|
Definition
Trait-Factor theory
(Williamson) |
|
|
Term
| What counseling modality sees individuals as good and moving toward self actualization and growth? |
|
Definition
Person-Centered Therapy
(Carl Rogers) |
|
|
Term
What counseling modality feels people are controlled by their biological instincts, are unsocialized, irrational, and driven by unconscious forces like sex and aggression?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What counseling modality feels man is basically good and much of behavior is determined by birth order? |
|
Definition
Individual Psychology
(Alfred Adler) |
|
|
Term
| Name the counseling modality that is existential in nature and feels humans are good, rational, and retain the freedom of choice. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What counseling modality believes messages learned about self in childhood determines whether a person is good or bad and intervention can change this script? |
|
Definition
| Transactional Analysis (Berne) |
|
|
Term
| What counseling modality has the perspective that individuals work to meet the basic physiological needs and need to be worthwhile to self and others? |
|
Definition
| Reality Therapy (Glasser) |
|
|
Term
| Name some common archetypes idenitified by Jung. |
|
Definition
1. The persona (the mask we present)
2. Animus/anima
3. The shadow (behind the persona) |
|
|
Term
| What do paradoxical techniques ask the client to do? |
|
Definition
| Exaggerate the behavior that is in question |
|
|
Term
| Besides group therapy in private practice, what else is Rudolph Dreikurs known for? |
|
Definition
| He introduced Adlerian principles to the treatment of children in the school setting. |
|
|
Term
| What is a term that implies a person is his or her main source of pleasure and generally shies away from social situation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ability to remember the most minute details of a scene or a picture for an extended period of time that is usually gone by adolescence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Jung, men are logical or operate on the ___________ principle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a client has an "aha moment" and becomes aware of a factor in his or her life that was previously unknown, what is that called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between the "sour grapes" and "sweet lemon" forms of rationalization? |
|
Definition
| Sour grapes assigns a negative attribute to something to ease the pain of failure or not getting it while sweet lemmon rationalizations try to assign positive attributes to situations that are distasteful. |
|
|
Term
| What defense mechanism is giving up the current level of development and going back to a prior level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What defense mechanism reduces anxiety or pressure by transferring feelings twoard one person to another--commonly known as dumping on someone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What defense mechanism that "takes in" to self an imprint (or recording) of another person including all their attitudes, messages, prejudices, expressions, and even the sound of their voice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should come to mind when you see Organ Inferiority? |
|
Definition
| Alfred Adler's Individual Psychology |
|
|
Term
| What defense mechanism has someone retreating into the dream world of times past? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when a mental conflict is converted to a physical symptom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What defense mechanism supports redirection of impulses into a socially acceptable activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What defense mechanism attempts to disown disliked thoughts or behaviors by attributing them or projecting them onto someone else? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of interpreation of therapy? |
|
Definition
| To make clients aware of their unconscious processes |
|
|
Term
| What defense mechanism is when one's unpleasant facts, emotions, or events are treated as if they are not real or don't exist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What defense mechanism is when painful, frightening, or threatening emotions, memories, impulses, or drives that are consciously pushed or "stuffed" inside? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What defense mechanism can be described as separation of memory from emotion--person talkas about incident like it happend to another person? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What defense mechanism makes subconscious excuses or justifications to make a behavior seem logical? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the oldest major form of therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Waht defense mechanism is the over-compensation for fear of being the opposite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What defense mechanism is when painful or frightening emotions are SUBCONSCIOUSLY stuffed deep inside? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What defense mechanism is the ability available very early in life that children use to attach themselves to certain qualities, emotions, and attitudes of someone else? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do Freudians believe to be the most important defense mechanism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false? Rogerians do NOT emphasize diagnosis or giving advice. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What case is often used to contrast behavior therapy with psychoanalysis to explain fears and phobias? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some therapists believe that __________ is a form of projection or displacement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who developed the paridigm "systemic desensitization"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| f a therapist uses free association, what might they as a client to do? |
|
Definition
| say whatever comes to mind |
|
|
Term
| When one talks about feelings to purge emotions and feelings as a curative process, it is known as ___________? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was considered the first psychoanalytic patient? |
|
Definition
| Anna O: Originally a patient of Joseph Breuer who suffered from "hysteria" |
|
|
Term
| According to Freud, dreams have what two types of content? |
|
Definition
| manifest (surface meaning) and latent (hidden meaning) |
|
|
Term
| The superego strives for ___________ and contains the __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In regard to psychanalytic theory, if the mind is a seesaw, what would the fulcrum (balancing apparatus) be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does psychodynamic counseling differ from psychanalysis? |
|
Definition
| Psychodynamic counseling utilizes fewer sessions per week, does not use a couch, and is performed face to face. |
|
|
Term
| What case demonstrated that fears are learned instead of the analytic concept of being the result of unconscious processes? |
|
Definition
The case of Little Albert: initiated by John Watson
(conditioned this 11 month old to fear white furry objects) |
|
|
Term
| What would most scholars say is Freud's most influential work? |
|
Definition
| The Interpretation of Dreams written in 1900 |
|
|
Term
| When a counselor restates a client's message in the conuselor's own words this is called _____________? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The id operates mainly out of awareness to satisfy instinctual needs according to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was Daniel Paul Schreber? |
|
Definition
| The most frequently quoted case in psychiatry; he wrote Memoirs of a Mental Patient |
|
|
Term
| Who pioneered American behaviorism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the form of behavior therapy based on Pavlov's classical conditioning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In class psychoanalysis, what is another term for "client"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ego state is present at birth and never matures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the unconscious processes that serve to minimize anxiety and protect the self from the id and superego demands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subjective Distress Scale; Used to form hierarchy in Wolpe's systemic desensitization |
|
|
Term
| The __________ is material that is hidden or unknown by the client. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 things that provide evidence for the unconscious mind according to psychoanalysis? |
|
Definition
| dreams, slips of the tongue, and hypnosis |
|
|
Term
| What did Freud call the "psychopathology of everyday life"? |
|
Definition
| slips of the tongue or parapraxis |
|
|
Term
| Id, ego, and superego is to structural theory as unconscious, preconscious, and conscious are to ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _________ is capable of bringing ideas, images, and thought into awareness with minimal difficulty. |
|
Definition
| Preconscious mind (it can access info from the conscious as well as unconscious mind) |
|
|
Term
| What is considered the most controversial aspect of Freud's theory? |
|
Definition
| The Oedipus Complex (Electra Complex) |
|
|
Term
True of False?
Berne and Freud characterized ego states as biological entities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 ego states of Transactional Analysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who founded analytic psychology? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Freud, what helps form personality? |
|
Definition
| inborn drives (mainly sexual) |
|
|
Term
| What is the term to describe when a client displaces emotion felt toward a parent onto the counselor called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is associated with Transactional analysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is the father of Individual Psychology? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the prime mover in Existential Counseling? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who taught Freud the value of the "talking cure" or catharsis? |
|
Definition
| Teh Viennese neurologist--Joseph Breuer |
|
|
Term
| Explain incomplete parent and the game of Wooden Leg. |
|
Definition
| Someone is said to be plagued by incomplete parent when a caretaker dies or leaves at an early ages thus expecting other to parent him/her throughout life. Using this as an excuse for poor behavior is called the game of Wooden Leg. |
|
|
Term
| Who used the terms Eros and Thanatos and what do those terms mean? |
|
Definition
| Freud; Eros was the god of love and Thanatos is the Greek word for death. Someone who has self destructive tendencies is said to be ruled primarily by the Thanatos |
|
|
Term
| Which Freudian ego state is also known as the executive administrator? What is another name for this ego state and what does it house? |
|
Definition
| It is called the ego or the reality principle. it houses the individual's identity. |
|
|
Term
| Who is the father of psychoanalysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ego states acts as the police officer to control the impulses fromt he other two? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Of the ego states in TA, which corresponds to each of Freud's ego states? |
|
Definition
Child = Id
Adult = Ego
Parent = Superego |
|
|
Term
| How did Freud feel one has a successful resolution of the Oedipus Complex? |
|
Definition
| Identification with the aggressor or parent of the same sex |
|
|
Term
| If a client discusses the past with a counselor who practices reality therapy, what is that counselor likely to do? |
|
Definition
| They will try to focus on positives or successes in childhood rather that the problems |
|
|
Term
| Even though RBT relies on REBT, how is it different? |
|
Definition
| The client performs a written self analysis in RBT and it is higly recommended as a multicultural counseling method |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 basic stages of stress inoculation technique? |
|
Definition
1. Educational Phase - client taught to monitor impact of interanl dialogue
2. Rehearsal Phase- Client taught to rehearse new self talk
3. Application Phase - Client attempts new inner dialogue during stressful situation |
|
|
Term
| Who developed cognitive therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coined by Ellis, the term "musturbation" means what? |
|
Definition
| A client uses too many shoulds, oughts, and musts in his or her thinking. Also referred to as absolutist thinking. |
|
|
Term
| What do reality therapists also call the negative self-concept? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main idea of Choice Theory? |
|
Definition
| The only person whose behavior we can control is our own. |
|
|
Term
| What form of therapy refers to "top dog" and "underdog"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dr Leonard walker, researcher of women in abusive relationships, says the cycle of violence has 3 phases. What are they? |
|
Definition
1. Tension building phase: arguments erupt easily
2. Battering/Acute Incident Phase : Abuse occurs
3. Make-up Phase: "I'll never do it again" phase |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 ways the Child ego state can present? |
|
Definition
1. Natural Child (spontaneous, untrained, impulsive)
2. Adapted Child (compliant to avoid slap on wrist)
3. Little Professor: creative and intuitive |
|
|
Term
| What therapeutic approach is a Transactional Analysis therapist likely to use in their treatment process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the cognitive model of therapy known as TA, when does healthy communication occur? |
|
Definition
| When vectors of communication are parallel or folks are on the same page. Example: one's Adult speaks to another Adult's state...NOT Adult to Adult and then that persons Child responds to the Adult. |
|
|
Term
| True or False? The Adult ego state processes facts and does not focus on feelings. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Karpman, what 3 roles are necessary for manipulative drama? |
|
Definition
| Rescuer, victim, persecutor |
|
|
Term
| What is the Parent ego state also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are early parental message also referred to as in TA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are you doing when you describe a client using the Child-Adult-Parent conceptualizations of TA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In transactional analysis (TA), what are the 2 functions of the Parent ego state? |
|
Definition
| nurturing parent and critical parent |
|
|
Term
| What are the unpleasant feelings after a person creates a "game" called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Skinner's operant conditioning also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is known as the Father of the Minnesota Viewpoint--a technique popular years ago fro career counselors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An Adlerian believes that behavior must be studied in a _____________ and never in ______________. |
|
Definition
| social context; isolation |
|
|
Term
| What is the acquisition period? |
|
Definition
| The time it takes to learn or acquire a given behavior |
|
|
Term
| Who is associated with classical conditioning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who emphasized lifestyle, birth order, and family constellation? |
|
Definition
| Alfred Adler (individual Psychology) |
|
|
Term
| An association that is learned is what kind of response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does BASICID stand for? |
|
Definition
B= behavior
A= affective responses
S= sensations
I= images/our self perception
C=cognitions
I= interpersonal relationships
D= drugs |
|
|
Term
| What term did Frederick Thorne prefer instead of "psychotherapy"? |
|
Definition
| psychological case management |
|
|
Term
An association that naturally exists or is "unlearned" is what kind of responses?
|
|
Definition
| unconditioned (example- salivation) |
|
|
Term
| Who are the pioneers (those most often linked) of associationism? |
|
Definition
John Locke
David Hume
James Mill
David Hartley |
|
|
Term
| A counselor who chooses the best theoretical approach based on a client's attributes, resources, and situation is said to be this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a counseling paradigm? |
|
Definition
| a treatment or counseling model |
|
|
Term
| Behavior THERAPY is based on what principles? (not to be confused with behavior modification) |
|
Definition
Pavlovian or Classical Conditioning
|
|
|
Term
| What is stimulus generalization also known as? |
|
Definition
| Second order conditioning |
|
|
Term
| Behaviorists (behavior modifiers) value reinforcement over what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When something is "added" -- as with a reward to encourage a certani behavior-- it is known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If someone practices depth psychology, they base his or her treatment on what theory? |
|
Definition
| Freud's topographic hypothesis |
|
|
Term
| Behavior modification is based on what principles? |
|
Definition
| Skinnerian (instrumental conditioning) |
|
|
Term
| What is stimulus generalization? |
|
Definition
| When a stimulus that is similar to the one used to condition elicits the desired response as well |
|
|
Term
| Who is the father of Reality Therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False?
Punishment is the same thing as negative reinforcement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Waht did Edward Thorndike propose with the " law of effect" or "trial and error learning"? |
|
Definition
| That satisfying associations would cause a behavior to be adopted or stampled in and behaviors associated with annoying consequences would be stamped out. |
|
|
Term
| When using extinction to eliminate a behavior, what is likely to happen before it is eliminated? |
|
Definition
| it will get worse before it gets better |
|
|
Term
| What happens if you put the conditioned stimulus before the unconditioned stimulus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is punishment different from negative reinforcement? |
|
Definition
| Negative reinforcement's goal is to increase the likelihood that a certain behavior will occur while punishment's goal is to decrease the likelihood that a behavior will occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| They increase the probability that a behavior will occur. |
|
|
Term
| Who conducted the first studies to show that animals could be conditioned to control autonomic processes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| From a Skinnerian perspective, withholding reinforcement in response to a behavior will eventually result in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when the conditioned stimulus is delayed until the unconditioned stimulus occurs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When something is taken away--like a privilege--to encourage the occurrence of a behavior, it is known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Respondent behavior refers to ___________.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is direct treatment of an overt, or observable, behavior called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered the least effective reinforcement schedule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two basic intermittent reinforcement schedules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What might the counselor be doing if he or she is asking the client to elaborate or eliminate vague language? |
|
Definition
| Using the theory of concreteness |
|
|
Term
| What is a back-up reinforcer? |
|
Definition
| An item or activity that can be "purchases" with "tokens" |
|
|
Term
| What is a popular treatment of choice for phobias and situations of high anxiety? |
|
Definition
| Wolpe's Systemic Desensitization |
|
|
Term
| What reinforcement schedule is based on the number of responses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Robert Carkhuff create? |
|
Definition
| A 5 point scale to measure empathy, genuineness, concreteness and respect |
|
|
Term
| In systemic desensitization, what is the order of the hierarchy? |
|
Definition
| Proceeding with the LEAST anxiety provoking working the way up to the MOST anxiety provoking |
|
|
Term
| What law states that a moderate amount of anxiety actually improve's one's performance level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What reinforecement schedule is based on the time elapsed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the counselor's social power related to? |
|
Definition
| Expertise, attractiveness, and trustworthiness |
|
|
Term
| Name 4 major consultation models that consultants work from |
|
Definition
1. Caplan's Psychodynamic Mental Health Consultation model
2. Behavioral Consultations Model
3. Process Consultation Model
4. Triadic Consultation Model |
|
|
Term
| According to Allen Ivey, what are 3 types of empathy? |
|
Definition
1. Basic Empathy
2. Additive Empathy
3. Subtractive Empathy |
|
|
Term
| What 3 factors can impact the counselor's social influence and create problems for the counselor's self image? |
|
Definition
1. Competence
2. Power
3. Intimacy |
|
|
Term
| In regards to verbalizations, what is the goal of Gestalt therapy? |
|
Definition
| To change "it" talk to "I" statements. For instance, "it is hard ot get a job" would be changed to " I am having a hard time getting a job". |
|
|
Term
| What is refraining and anchoring? |
|
Definition
| Both are NLP techniques. Refraining is where the counselor helps a client perceive the situation in a new light. Anchoring is evoking a desriable emotional state by using an outside stimulus such as touch, sound, or body motion. |
|
|
Term
| In Gestalt therapy, what are unexpressed emotions known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First known as nondirective counseling and then Client Centered Therapy, what is Carl Roger's school of counseling known as currently? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 techniques associatef with NLP (Neuroliguinstic Programming)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The exaggeration experiment used in Gestalt Therapy is similar to what other technique used by Frankl, Haley, and Erickson? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fritz Perls suggested that there are 5 layers of neurosis that must be stripped away before one can gain emotional stability. Name those layers. |
|
Definition
1. Phony Layer
2. Phobic Layer
3. Impasse Layer
4. Implosive Layer
5. Explosive Layer |
|
|
Term
| Why would a relationship between a Gestalt therapist and a client progress slower than one with a Rogerian therapist? |
|
Definition
| Gestalt therapists are more confrontational |
|
|
Term
| According to Rogerians, what is necessary to be effective? |
|
Definition
| Empathy, genuineness, and demonstration of unconditional positive regard, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurolinguistic Programming |
|
|
Term
| What makes Gestalt approach attractive for group intervention? |
|
Definition
| Gestalt emphasizes experience rather than interpretation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The act of doing to yourself what you really want to do to someone else. |
|
|
Term
| What must a person experience to have growth according to Gestalt Therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is humanistic psychology also known as? |
|
Definition
| Third Force Psychology because it was a reaction to behaviorism and psychoanalysis early on. |
|
|
Term
| Who is attributed for empathy and counselor effectiveness scales? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can Carl Rogers's method also be known as in addition to nodirective counseling, client-centered therapy, or person centered approach? |
|
Definition
| Self Theory (Especially in career counseling circles) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 most common principles related to gestalt psychology? |
|
Definition
1. insight learning - Discovered by Wolfgang Kohler
2. Zeigarmik effect- Bluma Zeigermik
3. Weirthiemier's Phi-Phenomenon |
|
|
Term
| Who invented psychodrama? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is playing the projection? |
|
Definition
| A Gestalt technique where the client is asked to act like the person they dislike to help bring to light possible projection of attributes he or she dislikes about self onto others |
|
|
Term
| What is therapeutic cognitive restructuring? |
|
Definition
| Having a client refute irrational ideas and replace them with rational ones (think REBT and the approach of Donal Mechenbaum)--using different internal dialogue |
|
|
Term
| In relation to the ABC theory of REBT, the added "D" and "E" stand for what? |
|
Definition
| D is disputing the irrational behavior and the E is the new emotional consequence |
|
|
Term
| Who created conditioned reflex therapy and is sometimes called the father of behavioral therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cognitive therapy is similar to REBT. However, what did Beck think about dysfunctional ideas? |
|
Definition
| Dysfunctional ideas are too absolute and broad--not necessarily irrational |
|
|
Term
| Behaviorists like Glasser and Ellis put little stock into ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is REBT's ABC Theory of personality? |
|
Definition
A= activating event
B= The Belief system
C= Emotional Consequences of the belief system |
|
|
Term
| What does the abbreviation BCP stand for in relation to Reality Therapy? |
|
Definition
| perception controls our behavior |
|
|
Term
| What is rational imagery? |
|
Definition
| A technique used by REBT therapists where a client is to imagine that he or she is in a situation that causes emotional disturbance and THEN imagines changing the feelings using rational, logical, and scientific thought. |
|
|
Term
| What word is used to describe an individual's tendency to be aware of his or her cognitions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False? Reality Therapy focuses on exploring a client's childhood. |
|
Definition
| False! Reality Therapists believe that focusing on childhood problems can reinforce maladaptive patterns of behavior. |
|
|
Term
| Who created Rational Behavior Therapy (RBT)? |
|
Definition
| Maultsby (who studied with Ellis) |
|
|
Term
| Who is known for the Self-Instructional Therapy and the stress inoculation technique? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when a counselor instructs a client to read a book or writing as a part of therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Internal verbalizations are to REBT as __________ is to Glasser's Choice Therapy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is known as the father of logotherapy as well as the father of paradoxical intention? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a "humanistic" form of helping that helps the client discover meaning in his or her life by doing a deed, experiencing a value such as love, or suffering? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do behavioral therapists shy away from punishments? |
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Definition
| Punishments usually produces only temporary results or reduction in a behavior and it teaches aggression |
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Term
| What is the metaphysical study of life called (or the philosophy of being and existing)? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A behavioral sex therapy developed by William Masters and Virgina Johnson and is based on counterconditioning (not unlike systemic densensitization) |
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Term
| True or False? Implosive therapy and flooding use a gradual approach in exposing a client to a fearful stimulus. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main criticism of Existential therapy? |
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Definition
| It is too vague regarding techniques and procedures. |
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Term
| What do Existential counselors emphasize? |
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Definition
| The client's free choice, decision, and will |
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Term
| When do experts believe in vivo experiences for a client should occur in systemic desensitization? |
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Definition
| Only after the client has been desensitized to 75% of the hierarchy items |
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Term
| What is flooding also known as? |
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Definition
| Deliberate exposure with response prevention |
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Term
| How is paradoxical intention implemented? |
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Definition
| By advising the client to purposely exaggerate a dysfunctional behavior in his or her imagination |
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Term
| What was REBT formerly known as? |
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Definition
| RET or Rational Emotive Therapy |
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Term
| What is the primary focus of Existentialism? |
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Definition
| The client's perception of the here and now |
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Term
| What are the 3 worlds of Existentialism? |
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Definition
1. Umwelt (physical)
2. Mitwelt (relationship)
3. Eigenwelt (identity) |
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Term
| What are the 4 orderly steps of systemic desensitization? |
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Definition
1. Relaxation Training
2. Construction of Anxiety Hierarchy
3. Desensitization in the imagination
4. In Vivo desensitization |
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Term
| What is the difference between flooding and implosive therapy? |
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Definition
| Flooding occurs when the client is actually exposed to the fearful stimulus while implosive therapy takes place in the imagination. |
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Term
| What does logotherapy mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who created Rational Emotive Behavioral therapy or REBT? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.Victor Frankl
2. Rollo May
3. Irvin Yalom |
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Term
| The Premack Principle, an efficient reinforcer is what the client lieks to do. With this in mind, a ____________ behavior is reinforced by a _____________behavior. |
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Definition
| lower probability (LPB); higher probability (HPB) |
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Term
| What is the most difficult intermittent schedule to extinguish? |
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Definition
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Term
| A stimulus which accompanies a primary reinforcer and that reinforcer takes on reinforcement properties of its own. What is that stimulus known as? |
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Definition
| Secondary Reinforcement (example: money) |
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Term
| Created by George Kelly, desrcibe fixed role therapy. |
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Definition
| A client is given a "script" or "role"-- a sketch of a person they want to be like--and then instructed to read the script at least 3 times a day and to act, think, and verbalize like the person in the script. This approach is called "psychology of personal constructs". |
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Term
| What is higher order conditioning? |
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Definition
| When a new stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus leading to the new stimulus having the same power as the CS |
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Term
| What is it called when a counselor's past is projected onto the client causing ineffective counseling. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the material that makes up the collective unconscious that passed from generation to generation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Adler's emphasis that people wish to belong is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first to discuss group therapy in private practice? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 Neo-Freudians that stressed the importance of social and cultural issues |
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Definition
1. Alfred Adler
2. Karen Horney
3. Erik Erikson
4. Harry Stack Sullivan
5. Erich Fromm |
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Term
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Definition
| Jung, the father of Analytic Psychology |
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Term
| True or False? Behaviorists believe in the concept of symptom substitution. |
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Definition
| False. Behaviorists strive for symptom reduction |
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Term
| Jung felt that society caused men to deny their feminine side, or ________, and women to deny their masculine side, or ______________. |
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Definition
| anima (feminine side); animus (masculine side) |
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Term
| Who introduced TAT in his work, Explorations of Personality? |
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Definition
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Term
| Neo-Freudians emphasize _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a drawing balanced around a center point to analyze self, clients, and dreams? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A subjective understanding of the client's here-and-now |
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Term
| What two individuals are most likely associated with paradoxical techniques? |
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Definition
| Alfred Adler and Victor Frankl |
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Term
| In what test is a client shown a series of pictures and asked to tell a story? |
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Definition
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
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Term
| What term is used to describe the tendency to find satisfaction and pleasure in other people? |
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Definition
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Term
| Adler emphasized the drive for ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Jung, women are more intuitive and operate on the ______________ principle. |
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Definition
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Term
| Even though the term multicultural and cultural pluralism can be used as identical terms, what is another definition that cultural pluralism can imply in counseling? |
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Definition
| It can imply that a certain group (women, disabled, senior citizens) have special needs that cross complex boundaries. |
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Term
| Which theoretical orientation would lead a counselor to refuse to listen to a client’s explanation as to why the client was unable to carry out plans made in their previous session? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is most noted for the development of cognitive therapy ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Common techniques of psychoanalysis include what? |
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Definition
| humor, resistance, counter-transference, catharsis. |
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Term
| Transactional Analysis' premise is that people play games to do what? |
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Definition
| avoid intimacy in transactions. |
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Term
A cognitive-behavioral approach for obesity would stress seeking evidence for the faulty beliefs underlying his overeating.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| Methods of therapy that include first memories, family constellation, birth order analysis, here-and-now insight, and reorientation toward new choices are most likely used by counselors operating from which theoretical orientation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Guthrie's Law of Learning? |
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Definition
| Learning happens in an all-or-nothing manner. |
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Term
| Which of the following theorists was the first to proffer a theory of sociopathic development? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stages of the counseling process that include (1) identification and clarification of problems and opportunities, (2) setting goals, and (3) acting to achieve the goals are part of whose systematic model? Stages of the counseling process that include (1) identification and clarification of problems and opportunities, (2) setting goals, and (3) acting to achieve the goals are part of whose systematic model? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the central motivating factor of behavior in interpersonal theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| BASIC ID stands for seven factors or modalities that in combination make up the basic personality of the individual. In planning for interventions, a therapist must assess and plan for each of the modalities by doing what? |
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Definition
| asking the client to describe present factors and desired change. |
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