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Counseling Theory and Practice
Flash Cards for final exam
23
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
05/04/2012

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Cards

Term
Tolerance
Definition
Is the need to use increasingly greater amounts of a substance to obtain the desired effect.
Term
Dependence
Definition
A maladaptive pattern of substance use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as am infested by three or mor of the following at the same time in the same 12 moth period.
1. Tolerance
a. A need for markedly increased amounts of substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect
b.markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same substance.
2. Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following.
a. The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance.
b. The same substance is taken to relive or avoid withdrawal symptoms.
3. The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
4. There is persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control the substance use
5. A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance, or recover from its effects.
6. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use.
7. The substance use is continued depute knowledge odfhaving a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance.
Term
Observational learning effects
Definition
Learning a new behavior, but not doing it and without direct consequences. You see it you learn it.
Term
Integrated treatment
Definition
Treating both disorders at the same time.
Term
Self Efficacy
Definition
A perception or judgement of their capability to execute a particular course of action required to deal effectively with an impending situation.
Term
Dual Diagnosis/Comorbidity
Definition
Having a Substance abuse disorder and a serious mental illness that co-occur.
Term
Self regulation
Definition
The capability of humans to regulate their own behavior via internal standards and self evaluative assessments.
Term
Reinforcers
Definition
3 classes
1. Euphoria
2. Social variables
3. Elimination of withdrawal sickness
Term
Operant Conditioning
Definition
Voluntary (Choose to do the behavior)
Term
Respondent conditioning
Definition
Reflexive and involuntary behavior that occurs under the control of well-defined environmental stimuli. (blinking in response to bright light)
Term
Self Care
Definition
Maintaining good health, good diet, sleep, and taking care of yourself.
Term
Medial forebrain bundle
Definition
The brains "seat of pleasure" links the ventral tegmental area with the nucleus accumbens. It scatters impulses to reward centers through out the mesolimbic system.
Term
Apparently irrelevant decisions
Definition
small decisions over a period of time that seem irrelevant, but when combined lead to a slip.
Term
Abstinence violation effect
Definition
Is the experience of intense shame, guilt and embarrassment that frequently occurs following a lapse or a slip. It increases the likelihood of a full blown relapse.
Term
Variable
Definition
Logical groupings of attributes(i.e.: sex or gender)
Term
Hallucinations
Definition
Are false perceptions of seeing, hearing, or thoughts that are not there. Voices from outside your head, or inside their head.
Term
Mindfulness
Definition
Is an attentive awareness of the reality of this, especially to the present moment. An ability to be aware of thoughts, emotions, physical presence in the present.
Term
Seat of Pleasure
Definition
links the ventral segmental area with the nucleus accumbens. It scatters impulses to reward centers through out the mesolimbic system.
Term
Polysubstance dependence
Definition
Using 3 or more groups of substances, but not a single substance predominated
Term
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
Definition
Social learning that focuses on teaching interpersonal and self management skills.
Term
Dialectical behavioral therapy
Definition
Group or individual-combines CBT techniques for emotion regulation. Uses reality testing with concepts of distress tolerance, acceptance and mindful awareness. Derived from Buddist meditative practice.
Term
Agonist
Definition
Is a medication that mimics the drug of abuse. Methadone is an example.
Term
Withdrawal
Definition
When blood or body tissue concentrations of a substance decline following a period of prolonged use.
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