Term
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Definition
| Exploration stage, Insight stage, and Action stage |
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Term
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Definition
| Attend, observe, listen; explore thoughts, explore feelings. |
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Term
Exploration Stage
Associated Skills |
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Definition
| Nonverbal behaviors, minimal verbal behaviors, restatements, open questions for thoughts, reflections of feelings, disclosure of feelings, open questions for feelings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Foster awareness, facilitate insight, facilitate insight into therapy relationship |
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Term
Insight Stage
Associated Skills |
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Definition
| Challenge, open questions for insight, interpretation, disclosures of insight, immediacy |
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Term
Action Stage
Goals and Associated Skills |
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Definition
Goals:
Facilitate Action
Associated Skills:
Open questions for action, giving information, process advisement, direct guidance, disclosures of strategies. |
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Term
| Goals for Exploration Stage |
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Definition
| Establishing rapport and developing a therapeutic relationship, attending listening, and observing, helping clients explore thoughts, encouraging expression and experiencing of feelings, learning about clients. |
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Term
(Exploration Stage)
Skill for exploring thoughts
Restatement |
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Definition
| A restatement is a repeating or rephrasing of the content or meaning of the client's statement(s) that typically contains fewer but similar words and is more concrete and clear than the client's statement. Can be phrased tentatively or as a direct statement. Restatements can prarphrase immediatelly preceding material or material from earlier in the session. |
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Term
(Exploration Stage)
Examples of
Restatement |
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Definition
"you want to be an effective helper"
"your parents are breaking up"
"to summarize, you seem clearer on what you would like to do about attending the wedding"
also:
"I hear you saying. ."
"it sounds as though . ."
"I wonder whether . . "
"you're saying that . . " |
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Term
(Exploration Stage)
Skill for exploring thoughts
Open Questions About Thoughts |
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Definition
| Open questions about thoughts ask clients to clarify or explore thoughts. Helpers do not request specific information and do not purposely limit the nature of the client response to a "yes", "no", or a one - or two-word answer, even though clients may respond that way. Open questions can be phrased as queries or probes ("tell me how you feel about that"), as long as the intent is to help the client clarify or explore. |
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Term
(Exploration Stage)
Examples of
Open Questions About Thoughts |
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Definition
"what were you thinking when you said that?"
"tell me more about your thoughts about that"
Also:
"tell me about the last time you thought x"
"tell me more about x"
"what's it like for you to think x"
"what do you think about that"
"what do you mean by that"
"what does x mean"
"can you give me an example of that"
"what comes to mind when you think about x" |
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Term
(Exploration Stage)
Skill for exploring felings
Reflection of Feelings |
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Definition
| A reflection of feelings is a repeating or rephrasing of the client's statements, including an explicit identification of feelings. The feelings may have been stated by the client (in exactly the same or similar words), or the helper may infer feelings from the client's nonverbal behavior, the context, or the content of the client's message. The reflection may be phrased tentatively or as a statement. |
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Term
(Exploration Stage)
Examples of
Reflection of Feelings |
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Definition
"you feel angry at your husband for not being home"
"you seem pleased that you told your boss you didn't want to work late"
also
"you feel __"
"you feel __ because __"
"I wonder if you're feeling __"
"perhaps you're feeling__"
"you sound (or seem) __"
"could you be __"
"so you're feeling __"
"and that made you feel __"
And so on . . .
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Term
(Exploration Stage)
Skill for exploring felings
Disclosure of Feelings |
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Definition
| A disclosure of feelings is a statement about a feeling that the helper had in a similar situation as the client. |
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Term
(Exploration Stage)
Examples of
Disclosure of Feelings |
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Definition
"when I was breaking up with my boyfriend, I felt sad"
"if I were in your situation, I might feel angry."
"I've experienced a similar situation and I can relate to how you feel." |
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Term
(Exploration Stage)
Skill for exploring felings
Open Questions About Feelings |
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Definition
| Open Questions About Feelings ask clients to clarify or explore feelings. Helpers don't request specific information and do not purpusely limit the nature of the client response to a "yes", "no", or one/two word answer, even though clients may respond that way. The intent is to try and help the client explore. |
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Term
(Exploration Stage)
Examples of
Open Questions About Feelings |
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Definition
"what are you feeling right now?"
"tell me more about your feelings."
"explain some of your feelings to me." |
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Term
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Definition
| Facilitating awareness, facilitating insight, and working with the therapeutic relationship. |
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Term
(Insight Stage)
Skill for forstering awareness
Challenge |
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Definition
| A challenge points out maladaptive thoughts, discrepancies, or contradictions of which the client is unaware, unwilling, or unable to change. |
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Term
(Insight Stage)
Examples of
Challenge |
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Definition
"you're feeling sad that your husband died, but I wonder if you're also feeling angry at him for leaving you."
"you say you want to get good grades, but you spend most of your time partying and sleeping."
Things to consider: it's always to point out some discrepancy b/w two opposing signals. The client says one thing, but then behaviors/actions or something else they say - shows exactly the opposite.
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Term
(Insight Stage)
Skill for facilitating insight
Open questions for insight |
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Definition
| Open questions for insight invite clients to think about deeper meanings for their thoughts, feelings or behaviors. |
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Term
(Insight Stage)
Examples of
Open questions for insight |
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Definition
"what is your understanding about your lack of interest in sex?"
"what do you think might be going on when you compulsively want to eat?" |
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Term
(Insight Stage)
Skill for facilitating insight
Interpretations |
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Definition
| An interpretation is a statement that goes beyond what the client has overtly stated or recognized and gives new meaning, reason, or explanation for behaviors, thoughts, or feelings so that the client can see problems in a new way. |
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Term
(Insight Stage)
Examples of
Interpretations |
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Definition
"maybe you don't want to clean your room or do your work because you're angry with your mother."
"ever since your friend committed suicide, you have been on edge and having a hard time coping. I wonder if you feel responsible for her death?" |
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Term
(Insight Stage)
Skill for facilitating insight
Disclosure of insight |
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Definition
| Disclosure of insight refers to the helper's presentation of a personal experience (not in the immediate relationship) in which he or she has gained some insight. |
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Term
(Insight Stage)
Examples of
Disclosure of insight |
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Definition
"In the past, I often did not want others to feel upset by my successes, so I would underplay anything I did well. I wonder if that happens for you?"
"when I have been most concerned about death and meaning in life is when I have been in moments of transition and trying to figure out what I want out of life. I wonder if that's true for you now?" |
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Term
(Insight Stage)
Skill for facilitating insight into relationships
Immediacy |
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Definition
| Immediacy refers to the helper disclosing immediate feelings about the client, her - or himself in relation to the client, or the therapeutic relationship. |
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Term
(Insight Stage)
Examples of
Immediacy |
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Definition
"Right now I'm feeling very tense because you seem to be angry at me."
"I feel nervous too, but I'm pleased that you're sharing some very deep and personal feelings with me."
Also . . .
"how did you feel just now when I praised you?"
"what would you like from me right now?" |
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Term
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Definition
| Explore possible new behaviors, assist clients in deciding on actions, facilitate the development of skills for action, provide feeback about attempted changes, assist clients in evaluating and modifying actions plans, encourage clients in processing feelings about action. |
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Term
(Action Stage)
Skill to implement action goals
Open Questions for action |
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Definition
| Open Questions for action invite clients to explore action gols. |
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Term
(Action Stage)
Examples of
Open Questions for action |
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Definition
"what have you tried before?"
"what would be the benefits of changing?"
"what are your thoughts about what you might do?" |
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Term
(Action Stage)
Skill to implement action goals
Giving information |
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Definition
| Giving information refers to supplying data, opinions, facts, resources, answers to questions or opinions. |
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Term
(Action Stage)
Examples of
Giving information |
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Definition
"both the career center and counseling center have information about careers."
"the test takes about 2 hours to complete." |
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Term
(Action Stage)
Skill to implement action goals
Feedback about the client |
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Definition
| Giving information to the client about his or her behaviors or impact on others. |
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Term
(Action Stage)
Examples of
Feedback about the client |
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Definition
| "you maintained good eye contact during the role-play, but your voice sounded hesitant when you told your partner that you were leaving the relationship." |
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Term
(Action Stage)
Skill to implement action goals
Process Advisement |
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Definition
| Process advisement refers to helper directives for what the client should do within the session. |
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Term
(Action Stage)
Examples of
Process Advisement |
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Definition
| "Let's try a role-play to practice a new way of acting in that situation. You be yourself and I'll be your boss. Try to use the assertive behaviors we practiced earlier." |
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Term
(Action Stage)
Skill to implement action goals
Direct guidance |
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Definition
| Direct guidance refers to helper suggestions, directives, or advice for the client. |
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Term
(Action Stage)
Examples of
Direct guidance |
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Definition
| "when you have the nightmare the next time, wake yourself up and imagine a new ending where you get angry at the intruder and chase him out of the house." |
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Term
(Action Stage)
Skill to implement action goals
Disclosure of Strategies |
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Definition
| Disclosure of Strategies refers to the helper's presentation of actions that he or she has used in the past to cope with problems. |
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Term
(Action Stage)
Examples of
Disclosure of Strategies |
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Definition
| "when I have been in similar situations with my mother, I call her and ask to talk. I try to be as honest as possible and let her know that I messed up. Usually she is pretty understanding." |
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