Term
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Definition
| Imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority. |
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Term
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Definition
| A crime that is punishable by a year or more of incarceration. |
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Term
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Definition
| A crime that is punishable by less than a year of incarceration. |
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Term
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Definition
| The suspension of criminal process while the offender is provided the chance to participate in treatment programs and avoid futher criminal activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Detaining an accused person in jail to protect the community from crimes the person is likely to commit if set free pending trial. |
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Term
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Definition
| The pledge of money or property in exchange for a promise to return for futher cruminal processing. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who is legally liable for the conduct of another; someone who guarantees the accused person's appearance in court. |
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Term
| Release on Recognizance (ROR) |
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Definition
| Release from jail based only on the defendants promise to appear for futher court procedures. |
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Term
| Manhattan Bail Project (MBP) |
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Definition
| A program started in the 1960s to help judges identify individuals who were good candidates to be released on their own recognizance without commercial or monetary bond. |
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Term
| Supervised pretrial release programs (SPTR) |
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Definition
| Programs in which offenders are supervised while released on their own recognizance, similar to while on probation. |
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Term
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Definition
| An agreement in which the defendant enters a guilty plea in exchange for a reduced sentence in comparison to the sentence allowed for the charged offense. |
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Term
| Presentence Investigation (PSI) |
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Definition
| A report used during the sentencing process that details the background of a convicted offender, including criminal, social, education, mental and physical health, and other significant factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| A requirement that an offender pay a fine or restitution to the victim as a part of his or her sentence. |
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Term
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Definition
| A requirement that an offender provide his or her personal time to do some public good. |
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Term
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Definition
| A prison sentence that is suspended on the condition that the offender follow certain prescibed rules and commit no futher crimes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Midrage dispositions that fall between probation and imprisonment. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sentence in jail for one year or less. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sentence in a prison of a year or more. |
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Term
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Definition
| Punishment for the most serious crimes (generally first degree murder); most states and the federal government provide for the death penalty. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sentences that run at the same time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sentences that run one after the other. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sentences that have a minimum and maximum time to be served; a decision by a release authority determines the actual served within that range. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sentences of fixed terms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A reward that affords inmates the opportunity to reduce the time until their eligibility for release by good behavior in prison. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sentencing model that requires completion of 85 percent of the sentence before prisoners are eligible for release. |
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Term
| Judical form of Sentencing |
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Definition
| A sentencing model in which judges have primary discretion in creating the sentence. |
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Term
| Adminstrative form of Sentencing |
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Definition
| A sentence model in which adminstrative bodies (correctional officials and parole/release boards) have primary discretion in granting good time and determining the release time of offenders. |
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Term
| Legislative form of Sentencing |
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Definition
| A sentencing model in which legislative bodies create very structured sentencing codes and therefore have primary discretion in the length of time served by offenders. |
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Term
| Mandatory Minimum Sentences |
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Definition
| A requirement that for certain crimes or for certain types of offenders there must be a sentence to prison for at least a minimum term. |
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Term
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Definition
| A predetermined range of a minimum, average, and maximum term for a specific crime for a "typical" offender, with allowances for mitigating and aggravating circumstance to be considered. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of structured sentences, based on measures of offense severity and criminal history, that is used to determine the length of the term of imprisonment. |
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Term
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Definition
| An alternative to traditional court models to deal with the underlying drug problem as the basis of the offenders criminality. |
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