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Corporate Communication
Terms from Communication for Results by Cheryl Hamilton
73
Business
Undergraduate 3
12/07/2008

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Term
Hidden Style*
Definition
Interested in people, good listeners, well-liked, suspicious of others, avoids conflict.
Term
Closed Style*
Definition
Productive, hard workers, feel more comfortable working with things rather then people, little interpersonal, avoids people
Term
Open Style*
Definition
unable to delegate, interest in people's needs, high feedback and disclosure.
Term
Blind Style*
Definition
low feedback high disclosure, authoritarian, thrives in situations of expertise and experience
Term
Active Listening*
Definition
A way of listening and responding to another person that improves mutual understanding.
Term
Grapevine*
Definition
Messages flow; informal; weaknesses in formal network
Term
Nominal Group Technique*
Definition
Round Robin Procedure, uncritical way of thinking, desire to avoid conflict.
Term
Human Resources Model*
Definition
McGregor. Team oriented, participative approach, information and feedback flow freely up and down the organization. Informal communication is encouraged. Theory Y; Likert's 4 systems
Term
Bypassing*
Definition
Assuming that words have definite meanings and other people use the same meaning.
Term
Systems/Contingency Model*
Definition
Organizational model, no best way to manage or communicate, depends on situation.
Term
Horizontal Communication*
Definition
Message that flow laterally between people of the same rank
Term
Upward Communication*
Definition
The communication flowing from subordinates to superiors, usually concerning employees’ comments about themselves, their reactions about others, their reactions to practices and policies, and their thoughts about their work.
Term
Collaboration*
Definition
Views conflict as beneficial if handled openly, equal consideration to others and self.
Term
Human Relations*
Definition
Tender loving care, greater work productivity, social and psychological.
Term
Maintenance Functions*
Definition
Roles that must be performed ito maintain the interpersonal relationships and harmony of the group
Term
Open-ended questions*
Definition
Broad, general questions
Term
Situational Contingency Theory of Leadership*
Definition
Leader style determined by leader member relations, how clearly task is structured, leader's power position. Different style successful in different circumstances. Style doesn't normally change
Term
Claim Pattern*
Definition
problem is reviewed in the introduction step and reasons for believing a particular fact, for holding a particular value, or for advocating a particular plan are presented in the body of the presentation
Term
Transformational Model of Organizational Communication*
Definition
Newest organizational model, more flexible than bureaucratic models, made of autonomous teams that share info on computerized networks
Term
Impression Management*
Definition
Efforts people make to improve how others see them.
Term
Thesis Statement*
Definition
A general statement of purpose and a summary of the main points to be covered.
Term
Slippery Slope*
Definition
Assertion that first step will lead to second undesirable step.
Term
Brainstorming*
Definition
Spontaneous contribution of ideas by all members of a team
Term
Situational Theory of Leadership*
Definition
Leaders can change style to fit situation - delegating, participating, telling, selling or coaching.
Term
Motivated Sequence*
Definition
Gaining attention, direct attention to the problem/need, satisfying the need by presenting solution, visualizing the kind of future, challenge audience to action
Term
Credibility*
Definition
Important aspect of persuasion, trait makes a person or an idea believable.
Term
Three Dimensional Theory of Leadership*
Definition
Autocratic, Democratic, laissez-faire styles.
Term
Frame of Reference*
Definition
Educational background, race, culture, sex. Everybody’s frame of reference might be different unless backgrounds and experiences are the same.
Term
Groupthink*
Definition
An uncritical way of thinking, often characteristic of groups in which the desire to avoid conflict and reach agreement is more important than careful consideration of alternatives
Term
Transformational Leadership*
Definition
Charasmatic leaders who inspire followers to exceptional performance, enthusiasm, and loyalty
Term
Cognitive Restructuring*
Definition
Involves identifying irrational self-talk that produces speaker anxiety, developing alternate coping statements, and practicing the coping statements in stressful situations
Term
Feedback
Definition
Verbal and visual response to a message
Term
Noise
Definition
Anything that interferes with communication by distorting or blocking the message
Term
Downward Communication
Definition
Formal messages that flow from managers and supervisors to subordinates
Term
Traditonal and theory X model
Definition
Term
5 styles of conflict management:
Definition
Competition, collaboration, compromise, avoiding, accomodation
Term
Compromising
Definition
Takes middle of the road stance, uses voting and other methods to avoid direct confrontation
Term
Competition
Definition
Views own personal goals as most important, conflict is a win-lose situation, respects power and submits to arbitration
Term
Avoiding
Definition
Little concer for others or self, maintains neutrality at all costs, removes self physically or mentally from groups experiencing conflict
Term
Accomodation
Definition
Higher concern for others than self, open conflict is destructive, surface harmony is important to maintain good relationships
Term
ergonomics
Definition
the science of matching machines to human requirements
Term
Immediacy behavior
Definition
Promoting a sense of closeness with colleagues and customers with specific nonverbal, vocal, and verbal behaviors
Term
Trait Anxiety
Definition
a personal internal feeling about certain communication situations. Feel inferior, different from other speakers, history of negative speaking experiences
Term
Positive Imagery
Definition
Create a detailed, positive, vivid mental image of yourself confidently preparing and giving a successful presentation
Term
Systematic Desensitization
Definition
Learning to relax using deep muscle relaxation and breathing
Term
Performance Review
Definition
Accurate, consistent evaluation of employees
Term
Closed Questions
Definition
Questions that limit the interviewee's choice of answers to one of the answers supplied in the question
Term
Loaded Questions
Definition
Questions that have no correct answers but are designed to get an emotional response
Term
Leading Questions
Definition
Question that implies the correct answer
Term
Basic problem solving procedure
Definition
Define the problem, research and analyze the problem, establish a checklist of criteria, list possible alternatives, evaluate each alternative, select the best alternative
Term
Question of Fact
Definition
Team tries to determine whether something is true or to what degree it is true
Term
Question of value
Definition
Team tries to assess the desirability of some object, idea, or person
Term
Question of Policy
Definition
Team tries to arrive at a specific course of action, usually a change from the present system
Term
Consensus
Definition
All members agree to accept a particular solution even though it may not have been the original choice
Term
Task Functions
Definition
Roles that must be performed if the group is to accomplish its task or solve its problem
Term
Leadership Theories
Definition
Trait, function, three-dimension theory of leadership, situational contingency, situational leadership, transformational
Term
Trait theory of Leadership
Definition
Leaders are born with certain leader characteristics
Term
Function Theory of Leadership
Definition
leadership is determined by a set of functions - task functions and maintenance functions. Anyone can perform functions thereby sharing leadership responsibilty
Term
Exact Purpose
Definition
Written in one sentence explaining what the audience will learn
Term
Topical Pattern
Definition
Divide a topic when no spatial, chronological, or causal relationship exists among main points
Term
Extemporaneous Speaking
Definition
Is not memorized or written out word for word. Speaker lists outline on note cards
Term
Supporting material
Definition
Informative materials that serve as a foundation for ideas
Term
Evidence
Definition
Factual statements and opinions originating, not from the speaker, but from another source
Term
Logic
Definition
the study of orderly thinking, the sequence and connection of thoughts and ideas as they relate to one another
Term
Ad Hominem
Definition
Attacking the person rather than the argument
Term
Ad Populum
Definition
Arguing that because everyone knows an idea is right, it can't be wrong
Term
Ad Ignoratum
Definition
Arguing that because no one can prove that a particular belief is false, it must be true
Term
Begging the Question
Definition
Asserting that something is because it is
Term
Hasty Generalization
Definition
basing a general conclusion on too few examples or on isolated examples
Term
Post Hoc
Definition
Claiming a casual relationship simply because one event followed another event
Term
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Definition
All people have the same basic categories of needs - physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, self-actualization needs
Term
Inductive reasoning
Definition
Involves presenting the specific evidence first, then building up to the general conclusion
Term
Deductive Reasoning
Definition
Presenting the position or general conclusion first, then providing the supporting evidence
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