Term
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Definition
To find certainty
process is:
purpose of doubt
methodological and psychological |
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Term
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Definition
"I think, therefore I am"
There is nothing I cannot doubt except... that I am doubting. |
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Term
| Possible Interactions between body and mind |
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Definition
Dualism: both cause a change
Materialism: complicated, everything in the mind is caused by the environment
Idealism: No body, only mind
Epiphenomenalism: neural science |
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Term
| Define Hobbe's State of Nature |
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Definition
The mechanistic world, where bodies are in motion.
we are similar in actions that are power/survival
the problem is that nature's resources are limited
result is that life is war |
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Term
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Definition
| where humans are driven by fear, we can never get our rights back, we make agreements with each other, government plays a negative role, government must be powerful. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is where the government MUST be powerful treatise on government. |
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Term
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Definition
| It means that our minds are like blank slates and it translates to tablet eraser. |
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Term
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Definition
| The king is law. Defined by Hobbes |
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Term
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Definition
| The law is king defined by Locke |
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Term
| Explain Hobbe's Saying: "Life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." |
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Definition
| He is saying that it is everyone against everyone else. So it is you by yourself in a waging war.This is his state of nature. |
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Term
| Views of Hobbes & Locke on state of nature and social contract and how they contrast. |
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Definition
| Hobbes thinks the state of nature is war whereas Locke thinks the state of nature is not a state of war but can devolve into war/ abundant resources. |
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Term
| Madison's response to Locke & Hobbes |
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Definition
| The 'twin pillars' depravity (Hobbes) and dignity (Locke) need to be even for an orderly state. The revolutionary war was won and the constitution with checks and balances was put in place. |
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Term
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Definition
vindication of divine justice in the face of of the existence of evil.
An attempt to reconcile the problem of evil with a god who is loving. |
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Term
| Define Moral Newtonianism |
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Definition
| only a few laws underly all human behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| all is not for the best but we can make things better but it takes work |
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Term
| Define Dr. Pangloss' optimism "All is for the best in this best of all possible worlds." |
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Definition
| Someday we can know and prove everything. We are progressing towards full knowledge and moral perfectionism. |
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Term
| Explain Candide's resolution of "We must cultivate our gardens" |
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Definition
| meliorism: all is not best however we can make things better but it takes work |
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Term
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Definition
| He accepts the doctrine of original sin but rejects chronological progress. |
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Term
| Role of tradition for Burke vs. Wollstonecraft |
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Definition
| Burke believes that traditions provide structure and stability and that intuitions pass on traditions. Wollstonecraft believes that tradition is fine unless there is something wrong with that tradition. |
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Term
| How did Wollstonecraft challenge Burke's ideas on tradition and revolution? |
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Definition
| Wollstonecraft believes Burke is wrong and that there is systematic evil and that traditions are unjust and we need to address them and solve poverty. |
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Term
| How did Wollstonecraft challenge society's view and treatment of women? |
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Definition
| She challenges it by asking why women still remain inferior and it is because there is lack of education and they have undeveloped minds and reasons. This matters for the good of society because women must participate and be educated. |
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Term
| What does Kant take and discard from innatists and empiricists? (Kant's epistemology) |
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Definition
| He agrees with empiricists that knowledge comes from senses but the mind is not passive and he agrees with the innatists that the mind is active and there is something innate but there are no innate ideas. |
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Term
| What is das Ding an Sich? |
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Definition
| das Ding an Sich is the noumenal world and the way things really are and not just how they appear. It is the thing in itself and the world beyond our experience. |
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Term
| Explain Kant's process of knowing. |
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Definition
| Innate structure #1 of space and time which are not features of the real world but ways of processing data. Innate Structure #2 categories of the mind: there are 12 categories including substance and causality. Then Innate structures #3 the ideas of reason: self, world, god. |
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Term
| What is the Categorical Imperative? |
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Definition
| "Act on that maxim (or principle) whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law." Do what you want and then everyone else will do it too and vice versa. |
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Term
| Deontological vs. Utilitarian |
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Definition
| Utilitarian is where an action is good if it has good consequences and Deontological is where an action is good if it is done with good intentions regardless of the consequence. |
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Term
| Marx's idea of alienation. |
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Definition
| We work for our existence, it is not a part of our essence. We are alienated from our labor, from ourselves, and from each other. |
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Term
| Explain economic determinism. |
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Definition
| This is where you are determined by your economic class. |
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Term
| What are the steps of the scientific method? |
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Definition
Observation of phenomena
Creation of a hypothesis
Make predictions based on the hypothesis
Perform experiments that have the ability to prove the hypothesis false. |
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Term
| Explain the value of a theory. |
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Definition
| A theory is not proven. It has support and gives us a better understanding of things. |
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Term
| Pragmatists vs. Kant in metaphysics |
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Definition
| agree that the mind is not a mirror but disagree that the mind is a barrier. Pragmatists believe the mind is a bridge. |
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Term
| Pragmatists view of an idea. |
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Definition
| Challenging circumstances require survival tools, ideas are tools to use, value of ideas varies with the situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Descartes is an innatist and an empiricist |
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Term
| Kan't Epistemology/Innate processes |
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Definition
| Innate and empircist and the 3 worlds: phenomenal- world of experience, nominal world- the way things are not how we view them (das Ding an Sich) and the world of understanding-the way I experience |
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Term
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Definition
| Marx, and it is where there is alienation and class conflict |
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Term
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Definition
males to become virtuous they need to be active
female defensive to be virtuous
virtue should not be gendered
Wollstonecraft |
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