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COPD/asthma
n/a
41
Other
Undergraduate 4
02/24/2013

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Term
COPD is the ___ leading cause of death
Definition
3rd
Term
by how many percent is COPD expected to increase by
Definition
30%
Term
what are the 2 things that are most affected by COPD
Definition
aveolis and bronchioles
Term
what is COPD
Definition
decrease in exhaled air flow caused by obstruction of airways
Term
what happens to the size of the air sacs and lung tissue in COPD
Definition
there is variable degrees of air sac enlargement and lung tissue destruction
Term
how do the symptoms develop for COPD
Definition
they develop slowly, getting progressively worse. may get so severe that its dibilating --> affecting ADLs
Term
what are some symptoms of COPD
Definition
breathlessness
coughing
wheezing
chest tightness
Term
what are the main forms of COPD
Definition
emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Term
what age group does COPD affect?
Definition
middle aged to older adult
Term
what are:
tidal volume and residual volume
Definition
tidal volume: the amount of air in a normal breath
residual volume: the amount of air left after expiratory reserve volume
Term
what is emphysema
Definition
disease that destroys alveoli and the surrounding tissue that supports it which reduces gas exchange
Term
what are the 2 ways that lung sacs are damaged
Definition
inner walls are destroyed (fewer and larger sacs which decrease gas exchange due to less surface area and capillaries)
and decrease in elasticity of the walls
Term
what are the classifications of locations of emphysema
Definition
panlobular:all air sacs are enlarged
centrilobular: sacs more proximal to bronchioles
paraseptal: sacs close to aveoli
irregular: random sacs enlarged
Term
what is the difference between bronchitis and emphysema
Definition
bronchitis: bronchioles
amphysema: airways/aveolis
Term
what are the risk factors for COPD
Definition
smoking: biggest one 90% of ppl w/COPD
air pollution: cars, industries, cities
occupational pollutants: chemical fumes, construction workers
genetics: alpha-- 1-2% of cases of COPD-->body doesn't make protein that protects lungs from inflammation
Term
what is spirometry
what is the ratio/percentage
Definition
how much air/how fast air is moved
FEV1/FVC--> greater the % the better
lower than 70% is considered COPD
Term
what are the limiting factors on exercise for COPD
Definition
Ventilation: hyperinflation-->dyspnea
gas exchange: ventilation-perfusion mismatch-->hypoxemia-->low O2 in blood
cardiovascular: deconditioning of cardiovascular system impairs amount of exercise you can do
muscular: deconditioning due to inactivity-->easy to fatigue
psychological: depression, mood disorders, no desire to exercise
Term
what are the managed medications for COPD
Definition
bronchodilators
corticosteriods
thiazide diuretics
Term
what do brochodilators do and what are some side effects
Definition
they increase airways
can cause seizures, tremors and tachycardia (increase in HR)
Term
what do beta 2 agonists do
Definition
can be short/long acting-->relaxes lungs
Term
what are anticholinergics
Definition
blocks Ach in CNS/PNS, decreases involuntary/parasympathetic movements in smooth muscle
Term
what are methylxanthines?
Definition
they are more potent-->relaxes airways
increases strength of diaphragm
stimulates breathing controls in brain
makes it easier for mucous to be removed from lungs
Term
what are corticosteroids
Definition
anti-inflammatory, decrease constriction
Term
what are thiazide diuretics
Definition
controls fluid retention (more for adema in knees, feet and ankles)
can cause hypotension, faint/lightheadedness
Term
what are some effects of exercise on COPD (6)
Definition
CV reconditioning
improved ventilatory efficiency
reduced hyperinflation
desensitization to dyspnea
increased muscle strength and flexibility
improved body composition
Term
what are the primary goals of exercise for COPD
Definition
increase exercise capacity and endurance
reduce severity of dsypnea
increase functional status
program must be life long so no relapse
Term
what are the contraindications of exercise for COPD
Definition
oxygen saturation levels
monitor dsypnea
Term
what is asthma
Definition
chronic respiratory disorder characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and bronchospasm (frequency, severity, triggers, and symptoms vary from one individual to another)
Term
what are the symptoms for asthma
Definition
wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, shortness in breath
Term
why does asthma make it hard to breath
Definition
muscles of bronchial tubes tighten and thicken, and the air passages become inflamed and mucusfilled, making it difficult for air to move
Term
is asthma a chronic condition
Definition
no, it doesnt get progressively worse unless untreated. it can cause scarring/remodeling and is then irreversible
Term
what are the stages of Asthma
Definition
mild intermittent (<2x a month)
mild persistent (>2x a month)
moderate persistent (>1x a week)
severe persistent (frequent)
Term
what are the external/extrinsic triggers of asthma
Definition
irritants
allergens
temperature
medication
Term
what are the intrinsic triggers of asthma
Definition
anxiety/stress
infections
exercise induced asthma (EIA)
Term
what are the primary goals of exercise in asthma
Definition
improve cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength
improve exercise tolerance
Term
what is the overall exercise prescription
Definition
longer warm-up and cool-down periods
programing similar to sedentary healthy individuals
Term
what is the acute exercise response
Definition
EIA
controlled EIA = no effect on exercise response
Term
what are the regular affects of exercise
Definition
controlled EIA = normal favorable improvements in fitness
Term
what are the limit factors for asthma
Definition
possible EIA
comorbidities: other factors that can hinder exercise
period of exacerbations: not exercising for a long period of time
Term
what are the long-term control managed medications for asthma
Definition
corticosteriods, long-acting beta 2 agonists (prevents attacks)
anti-inflammatory
taken regularly
Term
what are the quick-relief managed medications for asthma
Definition
short-acting beta 2 agonists
bronchodilator
not intended for regular use
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