Term
|
Definition
| destruction of all forms of microbial life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aims at destroying vegetative pathogens; does not destroy endospores.
May be chemicals, uv radiation, boiling water, steam. |
|
|
Term
| Disinfectants are chemicals applied to what? |
|
Definition
| chemical applied to inanimate object |
|
|
Term
| Antiseptic is a chemical applied to what? |
|
Definition
| a chemical applied to living tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mechanical removal, rather than killing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower microbial counts to safe public health levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
to kill
Examples: germicide, fungicide, virucide, bacteriocide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
to halt or inhibit the growth
Examples: bacteriostasis, bacteriostatic |
|
|
Term
| “sepsis or septic” refers to |
|
Definition
bacterial contamination
Examples: aseptic or antiseptic |
|
|
Term
| 4 Factors which influence the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments: |
|
Definition
1. The number of microbes present
2. Environmental factors: organic matter, temperature, pH
3. Time of exposure
4. Type of microbe or microbial characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I. HEAT
II. FILTRATION
III. COLD
IV. OSMOTIC PRESSURE
V. RADIATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.) BOILING
2.) AUTOCLAVING |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.)DIRECT FLAMING
2.)INCINERATION
3.)HOT AIR STERILIZATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Not sterilization!
72 C for 15 seconds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kills vegetative bacterial and fungal pathogens in 10 minutes. |
|
|
Term
| Why isn't boiling a reliable method of sterilization? |
|
Definition
because some endospores can survive 19 hours of boiling water.
Some things can not be boiled: size, water, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
very effective method of sterilization
121 C, 15 psi, 15 minutes kills all vegetative cells and viruses including endospores! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temperature, moisture, pressure, size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
burning contaminants to ashes
inoculating loops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
very effective
requires 170 C for 3 hours |
|
|
Term
| HOT AIR STERILIZATION drawbacks: |
|
Definition
| length of time and high temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removes microbes by passage thru a screen or filter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liquids and gases (solids cannot be filtered) |
|
|
Term
| Why is filtration an unreliable method of sterilization? |
|
Definition
| some very small microbes pass through the pores |
|
|
Term
| 3 methods of cold control: |
|
Definition
1. Refrigeration
2. Deep-freezing
3. Lyphilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteriostatic; decreases metabolism and reproduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Freeze drying) differs from deep freezing because water is removed by high powered vacuum at low temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Results in loss of water from bacterial cells; used in food preservation |
|
|
Term
| 2 methods of radiation control: |
|
Definition
A. IONIZING
B. NON-IONIZING |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gamma rays, x-rays; short wave-length; high energy; fear of cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| UV; long wavelength; low energy; does not penetrate well so organism must be directly exposed |
|
|
Term
| 7 methods of chemical control: |
|
Definition
1. PHENOLICS AND BIPHENOLS
2. HALOGENS
3. ALCOHOLS
4. HEAVY METALS
5. ALDEHYDES
6. GASEOUS STERILANTS
7. OXIDIZING AGENTS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Derivatives of phenol which is rarely used due to its irritating qualities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| active in the presence of organic compounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A phenolic; the active ingredient in Lysol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hexachlorophene & triclosan |
|
Definition
| Phenolics widely used in “antibacterial” products |
|
|
Term
| 4 Halogens used for microbial control |
|
Definition
Iodine
Chlorine
Bromine
Fluorine |
|
|
Term
| Alcohol recomended concentration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most of the anti-microbial activity of alcohols comes from |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Mercurchrome
•Copper sulfate
•Silver nitrate |
|
|
Term
| Silver nitrate used for what? |
|
Definition
| drops in newborns eyes prevents blindness from Neisseria gonorrhoeae if mother is infected. Law includes all infants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fear of carcinogenic effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liquid sterilant; 2% kills vegetative cells in 10 minutes but takes 3-10 hours to kill spores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
GASEOUS STERILANT
sterilant; very effective; most hospitals have ethylene oxide chambers; problem is most gaseous sterilants are carcinogenic! |
|
|
Term
| Problem with most gaseous sterilants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ethylene oxide is used to |
|
Definition
| sterilize objects sensitive to heat including the petri plates we use in lab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HYDROGEN PEROXIDE & BENZOYL PEROXIDE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OXIDIZING AGENT
liquid sterilant which kills bacteria and algae in 5 minutes and viruses and fungi in 30 minutes. |
|
|
