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Control of growth - hard
Microbiology final, Mission College, Biosc 4
16
Biology
Undergraduate 2
05/17/2008

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Cards

Term
bacteriostasis
Definition
  • used to inhibit microbial growth (not killing microbes)
  • reversible - growth can return
Term

4 mechanisms of action of antimicrobial agents

(what do they inhibit)

Definition

inhibitors of:

  1. cell wall synthesis
  2. plasma membranes
  3. nucleic acid synthesis
  4. ribosome function
Term
How does moist heat control microbial growth?
Definition
denatures nucleic acids and proteins
Term
What is the limitation of applying dry heat?
Definition
proteins don't denature as easily
Term
What are ways to dessicate something?
Definition
heat, evaporation, addition of salt or sugar

Term
What does dessication prevent?
Definition
prevents organism metabolism

Term
radiation
Definition

energy from atomic activities

 

destroys nucleic acids 

Term
ionizing radiation
Definition

x-rays and Gamma rays

 

produce free radicals that polymerize molecules

 

 

Term
What is ionization radiation used as?
Definition
used as an antimicrobial in food preservation
Term

Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation:

3 characteristics

Definition
  • disinfects surfaces and air
  • damaging to human tissue
  • can increase food shelf life up to 500% 
Term
4 actions of chemical agents
Definition
  • denature/inactivate proteins
  • inhibit enzymes
  • inhibit metabolism
  • dissolve lipids - disrupts the plasma membrane
Term
chemical food preservatives
Definition
static agents (organic acids) used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms
Term
use for phenolic compounds
Definition
for disinfecting materials contaminated with organic materials
Term

What are the two types of surface-acting agents (surfactants) and how do they work?

Definition

  • alkaline soaps - harm bacteria sensitive to high pH and degerming
  • detergents - disrupt plasma membrane
Term
chlorine gas: what is it and 2 uses
Definition
  • forms hypochlorous acid in water
  • drinking water treatment
  • general disinfectant - household bleach 
Term
What are the two uses of iodine?
Definition

antiseptic used on skin

 

replaces antibiotics and silver nitrate for treating eye infections of newborns 

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