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control and function endocrine
test 4
17
Pathology
Undergraduate 1
04/04/2013

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Cards

Term
What are the three things the endocrine system controls?
Definition

·Unconsious regulatory body functions

o   Reproduction

o   Growth & development

o   Maintain internal environment

o   Energy production, use and storage

·         Hormone

o   Blood born chemical messenger that effects target cells in organs distant from the secreting organ

·         Gland

o   Creates and secretes hormones

Term
What are the 2 ways hormones are classified?
Definition

·         Peptides & Amines-

o    Example Norepi

o   water soluable and activate receptors on cells ( go about on their own dissolved in blood and hook up to receptors.)

·         Steroid-

o   Lipid soluable

o   Do not hook up to membrane receptor!!! Instead they Diffuse through cell membrane to activate intracellular process.

o   Do not Dissolve in blood they need a protein(Globulin) transport molecules around.

Term
How are hormones released?
Definition

·         circadiam(natural) rythm example Cortisol or negative feedback mechanisms

Term
Which hormones attach to receptors on cell membranes?
Definition

 

  • Peptides & Amines the hormones that are water soluble
  •  A cell will only respond if it has receptors for the hormone
  • Different cells respond differently to the same hormone
Term
How is the release of hormones controlled?
Definition

 

 

o   Up- Regulation- not enough hormone- The cell makes more hormone receptors

o   Down- Regulation- too much hormone- The cell makes fewer hormone receptors

Term
What are the 2 types of receptors?
Definition

·         Primary messenger- make directly happen

o   Has a direct effect, Amines, Hormone will hook up to a receptor and have a direct effect on the cell

·         Secondary Messenger-activate processes that make other things  happen

o   Hormones hooks up to a G Protien to activate a sequence of events inside the cell to make other things happen inside the body

Term

How do hormones effect-

 

  1. Endocrine Gland?
  2. Paracine?
  3. Autocrine?
Definition

o1. Endocrine gland (thyroid)- Substances released and then they have effect else where on body

2. Paracrine- Created used nearby in local area don’t have to travel somewhere else (sex hormones)

     3. Autocrine-  Used directly by the cells that create them example estrogen on the ovary

Term
How are hormones classified?
Definition

according to structure and ability to get around on own or not

 

Term
What are 3 examples of amino acides?
Definition

o   Epinephrine, dopamine, T3 & T4

Term
What are some examples of Protiens (polypeptides)?
Definition

o   Insuline, glucagon, trophic hormones

Term
What are some examples of cholesterol (steroid hormones)
Definition

o   Cortisole, aldosterone, testerone

Term
What are some examples of fatty acides?
Definition

o   Ecosanoids(hormones- like actions Arachonic Acid)

Term

Hormone Degradation- Hormone destroyed after it job comeplete

What are the 3 ways?

Definition

o   Destroyed by enzymes at the receptor site

o   Epi & dopamine

o   They may be taken up by cells and destroyed

o   Peptide hormones- absorbed by cells and broken down

o   They  may be destroyed in the liver and passed in the bile

o   Steroid hormones

Term

Hypothalamus Regulation Of The Body

Definition

o   Temp

o   Blood osmolality

o   Blood nutrients

o   Blood hormone levels

o   Inflammatory mediators in blood

o   Emotions

o   Pain

Term
What does the hypothalmus releasing hormone do?
Definition

o   Creates Releasing hormones when Hypothalamus recognizes a need for something it sends the Releasing hormones to the pituitary via Hypophyseal portal system

o   Brings 02 blood to the Hypothalamus and the Pituitary

o   Creates Sinousoids or fluid flow so the hormones can get down where they need to be

Term
How does the Pituitary respond to the releasing hormone?
Definition

Pituitary Responds to the Releasing Hormones by creating Trophic Hormone

o   Comes from  Pituitary and are released and go to the target gland and tell  gland to grown and release what hormones they are suppose to.

Term
From the begining Hypothalmus concept map... Starts with CNS input
Definition

1.       CNS INPUT

2.       HYPOTHALMUS – responds and secretes

3.       RELEASING HORMONE – to the

4.       ANTERIOR PITUITARY- makes

5.       TROPIC HORMONE- Hits

6.       TARGET GLAND-create w/e hormone is needed and create Neg feed back, Tells ANT P- I got the hormone going which tells the Hypothalmus, this stops the releasing hormone and stops the tropic hormone

7.       HORMONE-

8.       TARGET CELL

9.       PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT

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