Term
| X-ray absorption characteristics of abdominal structures are nearly identical to: |
|
Definition
| surrounding tissue structures |
|
|
Term
| By introducing a radiopaque radiographic contrast, there is an increase in tissue's ability to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anatomical structures filled with contrast medium produces a _________, _________image relative to surrounding darker or grayer abdominal images. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bones absorb more x-ray photons due to : |
|
Definition
| high atomic number of calcium in bone. |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic agents that are introduced into the body via orifices or the vascular system, joints or ducts to enhance subject contrast in anatomic areas where there is insufficient natural contrast. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contrast media attenuates the beam to a different: |
|
Definition
| degree than the surrounding tissues. |
|
|
Term
| Negative Contrast Agents are: |
|
Definition
| radiolucent, low atomic#, room air, CO2, Nitrous oxide, O2 |
|
|
Term
| Most common negative contrast agent: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Negative contrast agents have minimal complications-although air can cause: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| x-rays are easily transmitted or scattered through: |
|
Definition
| radiolucent contrast media |
|
|
Term
| negative contrast media, anatomy will appear __________ on radiographs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________ may be combined with positive contrast producing double contrast effect. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive Contrast Agents: |
|
Definition
| Radiopaque, High atomic#, Iodine and barium sulfate |
|
|
Term
| Positive contrast agents absorbs more radiation than: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive contrast agents absorb 3X's more: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive contrast agents anatomy appears ________________ on radiographs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gas producing tablets CO2 are used for __________series along with Barium Sulfate to produce ___________ _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients having double-contrast UGI/BE should be given post-procedural instructions to: |
|
Definition
| drink plenty of fluids to dilute and eliminate BaSO4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Barium is insoluble in water; when mixed with water creates a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Speed of passage of barium depends on: |
|
Definition
| suspension, temp, consistency of preparation and peristalsis |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications of Positive Contrast Agents: |
|
Definition
| Perforated Hollow Viscus, Presurgical procedure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the degree of differential absorption resulting from the differing absorption characteristics of the tissues in the body: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There is little subject contrast aside from the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic agents that are introduced into the body orifices or injected into the vascular system, joints and ducts to enhance subject contrast in anatomic areas when there is insufficient natural contrast. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radiolucent-easily penetrated by x-rays: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Have high atomic#'s, Radiopaque |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Higher the atomic #, more: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Low atomic number, anatomic area appears dark. More dense than surrounding tissue: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Provide lower density on the radiograph:white areas: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive contrast agents provide an increase in contrast between the structures to be visualized and: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common exam performed using a negative contrast agent: |
|
Definition
| routine chest radiography |
|
|
Term
| Most commonly used positive contrast agents: |
|
Definition
Iodine-atomic# 53
Barium-atomic# 56 |
|
|
Term
| Is administered to the patient in the form of barium sulfate, an inert salt. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is not absorbed by the body: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ________ can be absorbed but the barium is not: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive contrast agents: |
|
Definition
| 1 atom of Barium, 1 atom of sulfur, 4 atoms of Oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Barium is mixed with different amount of water depending on the exam, therefore there are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________barium is used for Esophagrams. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For GI series and esophagus, the barium is most palatable when mixed with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For barium enema, the barium powder is mixed with: |
|
Definition
| cool tepid water (some references state room temp) |
|
|
Term
| Barium Enema Contrast study barium mixed with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Since barium is inert and cannot be absorbed, it cannot be used for patient with a : |
|
Definition
| suspected perforation in the GI tract. |
|
|
Term
| Barium will get in the peritoneal cavity and cause: |
|
Definition
| peritonitis. must be surgically removed |
|
|
Term
| For barium tip placement, make sure tip is placed in rectum, not in: |
|
Definition
| vaginal cavity, could cause vaginal rupture. |
|
|
Term
| Ionic contrast dissociates once injected; |
|
Definition
| one particle is anion which is a negative charge, the other is cation which is positive. |
|
|
Term
| Cation adds to the ___________ of contrast media.Anion stabilizes the ________ ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ionic iodine contrast media are referred to as ___________________ because of their osmotic effects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ionic contrast can cross the : |
|
Definition
| blood brain barrier (adverse reaction) |
|
|
Term
| describing a solution prepared with water: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Measurement of the number of particles that can crowd out water molecules in a measured mass of water: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The osmotic pressure of a solution expressed in osmoles: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration through a semi permeable membrane such as blood vessel walls and cell membranes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ability or inability of a fluid solution to flow easily. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| risk of adverse reactions: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Determines the degree of attenuation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Higher iodine concentration= |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Greater concentration of iodine also means greater: |
|
Definition
| viscosity, toxicity, and osmolality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________is the principal solvent for the iodine compound. |
|
Definition
| Water, mix easily with blood and other body fluid |
|
|
Term
| Ionic contrast agents are higher risk but: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Physical properties of Ionic Contrast: |
|
Definition
| dissociates in water, positively charged cation, negatively charged anion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonionic does not dissolve into: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used for IVU-kidneys and radiography of vessels, such as blood vessels, bile ducts, can also be used in myelography |
|
Definition
| Iodinated Contrast Agents |
|
|
Term
| Ionic Contrast media dissociates into separate ions when injected: Nonionic: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonionic remains near isotonic, ionic: |
|
Definition
| creates hypertonic condition |
|
|
Term
| Ionic causes increase in blood osmolality, nonionic: |
|
Definition
| no significant increase in osmolality |
|
|
Term
| an expected outcome to injected contrast media: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temporary hot flash, metallic taste in mouth |
|
|
Term
| An unexpected outcome to injected contrast media: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For patients with NIDDM: May induce renal failure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Should hold glucophage for ______hrs prior to and after contrast study. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal Creatine level adult: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non allergic reaction often based on fear or anxiety(usually non-threatening condition) |
|
Definition
| Vasomotor Effect: mild reaction |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Vasomotor effect-nonallergic reaction. |
|
Definition
| Anxiety, light-headedness, nausea, syncope, mild urticaria |
|
|
Term
| True allergic reaction may lead to life threatening condition. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of anaphylactic reaction: |
|
Definition
| Moderate to sever urticaria, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, angioedema, hypotension, tachycardia greater 100 beats per minute. |
|
|
Term
| Contrast agent stimulates vagus nerve(life threatening condition) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypotension less than 80mm Hg, Bradycardia less than 50bpm, no detectable pulse declare medical emergency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute Renal Failure symptoms: |
|
Definition
Diminished urine-output
Anuria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nausea and vomiting, hives, itching, sneezing, extravasation, vasovagal response. |
|
|
Term
| Severe reactions: life threatening reactions: |
|
Definition
| call for immediate medical assistance. code, monitor vital signs, know departmental protocol for severe allergic reactions. never leave patient unattended. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypersensitivity toward iodinated contrast media, diabetes mellitus, asthma or other respiratory conditions, multiple myeloma, severe dehydration, chronic or acute renal or hepatic disease. |
|
|
Term
| abnormal protein binds with contrast and can cause renal failure: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RBC's get trapped causing pain and blood clots: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| congestive heart failure and anuria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| starting time of injection, type of and amount of contrast media injected, site of injection, and date and sign. |
|
|
Term
| You must be certain that you have selected the correct contrast medium, contrast label must be read: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contrast medium must be read 3 times: |
|
Definition
| when selecting the contrast medium from storage, while drawing the contrast medium into a syringe, and prior to injecting the contrast medium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do not discard the vials until: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 5 rights of contrast administration: |
|
Definition
1. The right patient
2. the right medication
3. in the right amount
4. via the right route
5. at the right time |
|
|
Term
| Most common veins for venipuncture: |
|
Definition
| median cubital, cephalic, and basilic veins |
|
|
Term
| Oral methods of contrast administration: |
|
Definition
| esophagus, stomach, small intestine, gallbladder exams. |
|
|
Term
| Rectal method of contrast administration: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intravenous method of contrast administration |
|
Definition
| IVU/IVP, IV Cholangiogram, Brain, Thorax, venography, heart |
|
|
Term
| Direct Methods of contrast administration |
|
Definition
| Cystography, myelography, arthrography, sialography, hysterosalpinography, percutaneus transheptic cholangiography |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contrast media can be used to enhance structures that have low: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Negative/Radiolucent appears: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive/radiopaque appears: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ionic iodinated contrast media dissociate: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non-ionic iodinated contrast media do not: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adverse reactions can occur with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluoroscopy and require patient prep. |
|
|
