Term
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Definition
Intentional prevention of pregnancy
Birth control is the device or
practice to decrease the risk of
conceiving
Family planning is the conscious
decision on when to conceive or
avoid pregnancy
May still be at risk for pregnancy |
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Term
| Fertility awareness methods (advantages) |
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Definition
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Term
| Fertility awareness methods (disadvantages) |
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Definition
requires extensive initial counseling for effectiveness.
requires couple to practice abstinence during parts of each month. |
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Term
| Fertility awareness methods (effectiveness) |
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Definition
| In practice, it may be less reliable than other methods. |
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Term
| Barrier contraceptives (advantages) |
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Definition
Easy to use with no side effects.
Condoms prevent spread of venereal disease. |
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Term
| Barrier contraceptives (disadvantages) |
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Definition
Some types must be fitted by a nurse practitioner or physician.
Must be placed prior to intercourse.
Must be used with spermicide |
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Term
| Barrier contraceptives (effectiveness) |
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Definition
| Excellent when used correctly |
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Term
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Definition
| Inexpensive and easy to obtain |
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Term
| Spermicides(disadvantages) |
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Definition
Must be applied prior to intercourse.
Considered "messy" by many people. |
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Term
| Spermicides(effectiveness) |
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Definition
| minimally effective when used alone |
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Term
| Intrauterine devices (advantages) |
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Definition
| effective for up to 5 years (Mirena) or 10 years (ParaGard) without removal. |
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Term
| Intrauterine devices (disadvantages) |
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Definition
May cause cramping and bleeding for first 3-6 months.
Women must check for proper placement after mense.
Does not protect from STIs.
May predispose women to PID. |
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Term
| Intrauterine devices (effectiveness) |
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Definition
| Very effective while in place |
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Term
| Hormonal contraceptives (advantages) |
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Definition
Menstrual symptoms are lessened.
Menstruation is very predictable |
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Term
| Hormonal contraceptives (disadvantages) |
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Definition
May increase chance of blood clots.
Should not be used by anyone that smokes, has a heart condition, or has previous history of thromboembolic disease.
Does not protect from STIs. |
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Term
| Hormonal contraceptives (effectiveness) |
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Definition
| highly effect when used correctly |
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Term
| Sterilization (Advantages) |
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Definition
Permanent form of birth control.
No additional cost once procedure is completed. |
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Term
| Sterilization (disadvantages) |
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Definition
Considered nonreversible.
Requires general anesthesia for the women and local anesthesia for the man.
Vasectomy does not produce immediate sterility
semen sample must clear before other form of contraception is stopped.
Does not protect against STIs. |
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Term
| Sterilization (Effectiveness) |
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Definition
| Considered completely effective |
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Term
|
Definition
Male/Female
Sterilization
IUD
Implants
Prevents Pregnancy 99% of the time |
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Term
|
Definition
OC (Pills)
Injectables
Patch
Ring
Prevents Pregnancy 91-99% of the time |
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Term
|
Definition
Male/Female
Condom
Sponge
Diaphragm
Prevents Pregnancy ~81-90% of the time |
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Term
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Definition
Fertility
Awareness
Cervical Cap
Spermicide
Prevents Pregnancy up to 80% of the time |
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Term
| Male Sterilization (Most Effective) |
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Definition
Vasectomy
Scalpel technique: cut & ligate/cauterize vas
deferens
No-scalpel technique: puncture scrotum to deliver
vas deferens & ligate/cauterize |
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Term
| Female Sterilization (Most Effective) |
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Definition
Traditional tubal occlusion
Ligating
Blocking with clips or rings
Cauterizing
Newer tubal occlusion
Brand name: Essure®
Micro-inserts placed into proximal
fallopian tubes
No reported pregnancies to date |
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Term
|
Definition
NOT if has a current STD, PID, or uterine
anomalies
ParaGard T – releases copper – causes
inflammation of endometrium and reduces
sperm motility. Placed or 10 years.
Mirena – releases levonorgestrel – creates
inhospitable environment, may reduce
ovulation. Reduces menorrhagia,
dysmenorrhea, risk of PID &
ectopic pregnancy.
Placed up to 5 years |
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Term
Hormonal Contraceptives: Implanon
(Most Effective) |
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Definition
Contains progestin
Effective 3 yrs
Implanted in inner upper arm
Not for patient with:
hx of clots
hx of breast ca
liver dz
smoker |
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Term
| Combination Oral Contraceptives(very effective) |
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Definition
Administration of estrogen &
progesterone prevents ovulation
Come in various forms & combo’s
Very effective if used as directed
General risks – hypercoagulability
Decreased effectiveness if
combined with some drugs and
herbs. |
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Term
| Estrogen-Progestin Combo’s (Very effective) |
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Definition
prevent hypothalamus secretion of GnRH =
suppressed release of FSH & LH
endometrium less favorable for implantation
thicken cervical mucus
Variety of formulations – goal find one that
is effective while preventing side effects
Monophasic – fixed ratio estrogen/progesterone
Biphasic – estrogen stays same, progesterone
in 2nd half
Triphasic – estrogen and progesterone increase
in 3 phases. |
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Term
| Combo Pill Administration(Very effective) |
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Definition
Usually, Active pills are taken for 21 days,
then 7 inactive pills
Prototype: Orthonovum
Extended-Cycle regimen
Prototype: Loestin Fe
Continuous Cycle Regimens
Prototypes:
Sensonale and Seasonique |
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Term
| Combo Pill side effects (very effective) |
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Definition
Serious – thrombosis,
accelerated breast tumor growth |
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Term
| Oral Contraceptives: Serious Adverse Effects |
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Definition
ACHES
Abnormal liver function
Chest Pain- shortness of breath
Headaches- sudden persistent CVA or increased BP
Eye problems- vascular accident or increased BP
Severe leg pain-Thromboembolic process |
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Term
| Progestin Only Contraceptives: Mini Pill (Very effective) |
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Definition
Work more by creating inhospitable
environment than by preventing
ovulation
less effective, more breakthrough
Safer if a smoker, heart dz,
hypertension, hx of thombophlebitis
migraines, and breastfeeding
All 28 pills are active
Prototypes: Micronor and Ovrette |
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Term
| Depo-Provera; Progestin Injection (Very effective) |
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Definition
Generic; medroxyprogesterone acetate
Lasts 3 months
Safe postpartum
MUST stay ON SCHEDULE
Side effects: Spotting at first, eventually
many have amenorrhea
HA, wt gain, depression, delayed return to
fertility-9 months
Serious – chest pain, hemoptysis, abd
pain, SOB
Loss of bone mineral density (reversible) |
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Term
| Ortho-Evra: The Patch (Very effective) |
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Definition
1 combo patch Q week X 3wks, then 1
week off
Advantages – easier to remember
Not effective if >198 lbs., skin
reactions common
Other side effects: greater risk for VTE
compared to Combo pills.
Not for pt with hx of VTE |
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Term
| NuvaRing: Combo(Very effective) |
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Definition
Indwelling ring placed against the cervix.
Remains for 3 wks, then removed for 1 wk to
allow menses
Need back-up for 1wk after ring placed for
first time
Minimal side effects
Other issues:
client comfort with use |
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Term
| Barrier Methods (Moderately effective) |
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Definition
Male and Female Condoms
Vaginal Sponge
Diaphragm |
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Term
| Fertility Awareness (Effective) |
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Definition
Rhythm method
Standard days method
Brand name: CycleBeadsTM
LAM
Billings ovulation method
Symptothermal method |
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Term
| Cervical Caps (Effective) |
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Definition
Brand name: FemCap®
More effective for
nulliparous women |
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Term
|
Definition
Available as creams, gels, film, foam, and
suppositories containing nonoxynol-9
Used alone or with a barrier method |
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Term
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Definition
Prevents pregnancy after sex
Not an abortifacent
Not the same as abortion pill
(RU-486/mifepristone)
Methods:
Plan B (behind the counter for those > 18 years)
High doses of OCs
Copper-T IUD |
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Term
|
Definition
Purposeful interruption of pregnancy
before 20 weeks of gestation
Elective
Therapeutic
Contributing factors
Legal and moral issues |
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Term
|
Definition
Women and their partners should choose the
contraceptive method(s) best suited to them
Effective contraceptives are available through
both prescription and nonprescription
sources
Concurrent use of spermicides and latex
condoms provides protection against STIs
Tubal ligations and vasectomies are
permanent sterilization methods
Induced abortion performed in the first
trimester is safer and less complex
Most common complications of induced
abortion include infection, retained
products of conception, and excessive
vaginal bleeding |
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Term
|
Definition
Women and their partners should choose the
contraceptive method(s) best suited to them
Effective contraceptives are available through
both prescription and nonprescription
sources
Concurrent use of spermicides and latex
condoms provides protection against STIs
Tubal ligations and vasectomies are
permanent sterilization methods
Induced abortion performed in the first
trimester is safer and less complex
Most common complications of induced
abortion include infection, retained
products of conception, and excessive
vaginal bleeding |
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