Term
| Extrapolating Shaker logic to solve inner-city crime |
|
Definition
everything very routined, little time for planning and acting on crime
members are committed to each other and the bettering of their community |
|
|
Term
| What types of people are most likely to join unusual religious groups? |
|
Definition
-Those who develop strong attachments to one or more members of the group
- Those whose needs and problems are a factor in the religion doctrine |
|
|
Term
| How were the Robber's cave experiments conducted? |
|
Definition
| A group of boys were taken to a summer camp, none of them knowing each other previously, formed natural friendships. Once friendships were established, they were split and forced to compete against each other. Once rivalries were established, they made the groups work together |
|
|
Term
| Findings in the Robber's cave experiments |
|
Definition
-leaders vary by circumstance
- each person delivers something different
- needs give rise to structures
- once they identify with one group, they began trash talking other groups |
|
|
Term
| Gypsy practices, and beliefs |
|
Definition
| younger men marry older women, swindling money, theft, trickery, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardboard, bait and switch, crowding, flower |
|
|
Term
| Structured accommodations of Gypsies to minimize open (or more violent) conflict |
|
Definition
| when they caught the pick pocketers, they left.. no need for conflict. |
|
|
Term
| Parson's conclusions about limitations to micro analysis of action |
|
Definition
1. simple actions are always connected to a series of other acts that constrain choice
2. most situations of action are embedded in some larger system of related actions
3. plans of action have already been developed by others |
|
|
Term
| the organic analogy and the characteristics of social systems |
|
Definition
-interrelated parts (roles that people play)
-equilibrium of action (balance)
- adaptive change
*mutual dependence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AGIL- adaption(roles)
goal attainment (power)
integration (norms)
latency (values) |
|
|
Term
| Homans' external and internal systems |
|
Definition
EXTERNAL- explains survival (adaption and goal attainment)
INTERNAL- explain liking (integration, latency)
|
|
|
Term
| Merton's law and latent functions |
|
Definition
the consequences of social action always extend beyond what was intended
-actions have consequences at different levels
-most of these consequences are latent (hidden)
*latent functions of rituals- reduce uncertainty, provides a stability and sense of control, enable the diffusion of power, and enhance commitment |
|
|
Term
| Rituals and magic in the island society |
|
Definition
| rituals flourish in areas of uncertainty b/c they provide a sense of control in unavoidable but anxious situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. societies have social needs for survival (integration is a must)
2. social structures rise to meet these needs. (structure: stable patterns of activity filing some need)
3. the end result is a social system similar to the human body
-Interrelated parts
-Equilibrium of action
-Adaptive change |
|
|
Term
| funcional explanation of social structure |
|
Definition
People are naturally trying to help each other.
Needs give rise to structures (leadership); the ones that expand and grow are the ones that survive |
|
|
Term
| functional explanation of inequality |
|
Definition
| one functional way societies attract the most qualified persons to the most important positions (rewards) |
|
|
Term
| explanation of shaker equality using functional inequality logic |
|
Definition
1. minimized positional differences by ritualizing everything
2. rotated work thus producing an abundant supply of qualified workers |
|
|
Term
| shaker practices and distinguishing characteristics |
|
Definition
everything ritualized (walking places, eating, talking, dressing, etc)
distinguishing characteristics-
- separation of sexes
-plainness and simplicity
- hardwork/ self discipline
- spiritualism through dances |
|
|
Term
| criticisms of functionalism |
|
Definition
1. function is a value of judgement
2. integration means less freedom
3. equates society with those in power |
|
|
Term
| logic of early and late conflict theory |
|
Definition
EARLY- people seek their own self interests, things are in scarce supply, the greater the scarcity, the greater the conflict VIOLENCE
EARLY- People seek their own self-interests, the things people want are in scarce supple, the greater the scarcity the greater the conflict
LATE- people balance self interests with survival, when there
is no surplus, people will cooperate, the greater the surplus the greater the conflict. POWER |
|
|
Term
| conflict explanation of social structure |
|
Definition
People are primarily selfish
power is key, they will try to step on each other to obtain it. Structures accommodate so more people are happy. |
|
|
Term
| key elements of critical conflict theory and its views on power elites |
|
Definition
KEY ELEMENTS:
-power in one social sphere translates to other spheres
-no single group is self-sufficient
-sometimes groups alliances shift
- groups bond based on common interests
-elite bond based on their opposition of the non-elite
POWER:
-every elite operates to legitimize and hide it's power
-if power is legitimized it is less likely to be challenged |
|
|
Term
| critical vs. analytical methods for studying community power |
|
Definition
CRITICAL- who has power? seeks to uncover strong but hidden power structure. power elite.
ANALYTICAL- does anyone have power? examines events to see how power is used in situations. pluralistic power.
*people oppose change they think will hurt their situation, they support what they believe to help |
|
|
Term
| weber's and dahrendorf's criticisms of marx's visions of the future |
|
Definition
| dahrendorf believed classes are pluralistic, not two-dimmensional, |
|
|
Term
| variations in father-son hostility (freud, island society, hutterites) |
|
Definition
Freud- the son was hostile towards the father because of the relationship with the mother (sexual rivalry)
island society- the son the son resented the mother's brother (discipline- mother society)
hutterites- resented the german teacher |
|
|
Term
| meaning of dialectical change |
|
Definition
| as social forces move in one direction, they will provoke new forces in the opposite direction. |
|
|
Term
| dahrendorf's dialectical model |
|
Definition
| unequal power (leader)--> authority-> exploitation (abuse power) --> interest awareness (community finds out) --> organized opposition (ruler is thrown) --> open conflict |
|
|
Term
| practical ways to slow down dialectical processes in ICAs (term limits, separation of powers) |
|
Definition
7-8 year max for presidents- after that, power gets abused.
not putting eggs in one basket.. congress, VP, President |
|
|
Term
| mistakes in dahrendorf's model (middle positions with some authority, etc) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| coser's dialectical approach to within and between group conflicts |
|
Definition
conflict is positively functional if it doesnt challenge the basis of the relationship
conflict is negatively functional if it attacks a core value |
|
|
Term
| dialectical functionalism and added support for Merton's law |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| realistic vs. nonrealistic conflicts |
|
Definition
REALISTIC- a rise of frustration of specific demands within the relationship
NONREALISTIC- people creating conflict for the hell of it. |
|
|
Term
| coser's safety valve logic on the function of frequent minor conflicts |
|
Definition
allows the steam of hostilities to escape without blowing apart the whole structure
-when small conflicts are resolved so they dont build up and explode |
|
|
Term
| coser's analysis of conditions that accentuate or mitigate conflict |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is symbolic interactionism? |
|
Definition
| individuals interpretations, meanings, assumptions, impressions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patterned actions (positions, rituals, role demands |
|
|
Term
| what is legitimacy of power facilitated by? |
|
Definition
1. control over physical means
2. control over communication
3. establishment of norms, laws, etc
4. est. of social arrangements where elite commands others
5. emotional connection |
|
|
Term
| what are the assumptions of critical conflict theory? |
|
Definition
power elite- power is in hands of few people,
power creep- the powerful in one sphere attempt to influence other spheres,
power front- elite attempts to hide power,
power structure- appearance of order, conformity, and integration |
|
|
