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| Knowledge of three things |
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| Hexis; no hard and fast rules. |
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| Obtained through examination and recollection |
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| Justice is the harmonious functioning of each part of the tripartite soul with the other two. |
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| Virtue is right action flowing from 3 types of knowledge: 1)Theory of forms. 2) tripartite soul. 3) The Idea of the Good. |
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| 2 types of virtue: 5 intellectual virtues and 11 ethical virtues |
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| Human happiness is the highest good |
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| Ethical virtues determined by |
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| Aristotle's doctrine of the mean. |
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| Ethics under Christianity develops "the notion of morally ought" in a "law conception of ethics." |
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| 2 characteristics of a "law conception of ethics:" |
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1)belief in a divine law giver
2) failure to comply with virtues makes one bad qua, or bad as a person. |
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| Who starts to discard (jettison) the idea of the divine law giver? |
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| Statements of fact cannot support statements of value |
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| "Hume's Law" aka "Hume's Gap" |
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all true propositions are limited to either 1) statements of fact or,
2) relations of ideas. |
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| According to Hume, we approve virtues because of two things: |
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| 1) Immediately pleasing to ourselves or others or 2) useful, to ourselves or others |
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| Kant is awaken from "his dogmatic slumbers" by |
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| Freedom is being bound bu the moral law we give to ourselves (freedom is not spontaneous) |
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| universal rules can violate sense of justice Example: Gestapo officer (looking for Jewish) |
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| Man has 2 sovereign masters, pleasure and pain. Pleasure is the highest good |
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| Who takes 1)utility and 2)Common disinterested point of view |
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| First level of Hare's utilitarianism uses... |
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| rule utilitarianism to correct 6 injustices. |
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| Second level of Hare's utilitarianism uses... |
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| preference act utilitarianism to correct no moral motivation criticism. |
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| Criticisms to Hare's 2 level utilitarianism: |
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| 1)reliance on common morality permits injustice, 2) act and rule utilitarianism are equivalent. |
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| "very fishy content" offered to replace the divine lawgiver. |
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| wants to return to virtue ethics. |
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| Claims virtue ethics can do all the work of ethics. |
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Virtue ethics cannot do much IE. 1)Virtue ethics cannot do it all: courageous soldier in immoral cause.
2) Rule ethics cannot do it all: Gestapo officer. |
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-nature teleological
-divine law giver |
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