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Who said "Virtue is Knowledge"?
Socrates, Plato, or Aristotle |
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| Who has the highest good of improvement of the soul, the care for wisdom and truth? Socrates, Plato, or Aristotle |
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| Which theorists obtains virtue through examination and recollection? Socrates, Plato, or Aristotle |
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Akrasia is impossible for? Socrates, Plato, or Aristotle
*Akrasia; what you feel (guilt)when you do something bad. |
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| "No one does evil knowingly" comes from which theorists? Socrates, Plato, or Aristotle |
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| Socrates therefore all evil comes from ignorance. |
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| "The unexamined life is not worth living" is based on what? |
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| Socrates argument of recollection. |
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| The fulfillment of all three parts of the tripartite soul is the highest good for...Socrates, Plato, or Aristotle? |
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| Which theorist can take credit for "virtue being a right action that flows from knowledge of three things (1) theory of forms (2) tripartite soul (3) Idea of the good? Socrates, Plato, or Aristotle |
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| Reason is the highest level of knowledge for....Socrates, Plato, or Aristotle |
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| Based on the tripartite soul is Akrasia possible? |
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| yes; Anger is the spirited element overpowering reason. Lust is the bodily appetites overpowering reason. |
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| What is justice according to Plato? |
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| Harmonious functioning of tripartite soul and tripartite society. |
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| Happiness is the highest good for |
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| Aristotle, specifically (1) eudamonia; flourishing (2) eu zen; living well. |
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| Three conditions happiness must satisfy... |
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| (1) be an end in itself(2) not merely a means to another end (3) all goods are desirable for its sake -->said by Aristotle. |
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| "No hard and fast rules..." |
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| Aristotle [...3 rules of thumb; avoid extreme furthest from the mean, know your personal susceptibilities, and be wary of pleasure, which can impede judgment. |
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| Praise and blame attack only to VOLUNTARY ACTS for |
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| Praise and blame is determined by the observer's moral sentiments according to; |
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| Who follows Aristotle adopting the Doctrine of the Mean, but determined by utility? |
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| Which theorists is known for skepticism? |
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| Virtues are motives for action that stimulates a moral feeling in a moral sense |
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| According to which theorist is it that we approve actions that are the following: immediately pleasing or have utility either for ourselves or others |
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| Hume's focus on utility "lifted the scales" from which theorist's eyes? |
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| Justice is a purely artificial virtue founded on utility for... |
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| Factual statements about how the world is cannot support any inference as to how the world ought to be |
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| Hume's law aka "is/ought" gap |
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| made up of two parts 1) relations of ideas [analytic a priori concepts] and 2) sense perception [synthetic a posteriori concepts]; missing the cause and effect and all ethicals |
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| Kant was awakened from his "dogmatic slumbers" by... |
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| overcomes Hume's skepticism through synthetic a priori |
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| The only thing that is good w/o qualification is a good will, a will that acts purely on the basis of duty (acts in order to follow the law) |
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| Freedom is not spontaneous for... |
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| encompasses other virtues |
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| Reson demands three things according to Kant |
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| 1) it must be universal 2) be necessary in the sense that it is "pure" of any empirical considerations 3) it must be an a priori rational principle in w/ch only the categorical imperative meets all three |
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| Three formulations of the categorical imperative |
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| 1) act in a universal manner 2) respect humans as ends and never merely as means 3) work for the Kingdom of Ends |
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| is you can never say a lie; i.e. Jewish refugee |
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| The greatest happiness principle seeks the greatest pleasure for the greatest number of pple |
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| Hume's focus on utility "lifted the scales" from |
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| "Pushpin is as good as poetry" |
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| the goal of ethics was not to create a guide for personal action but rather to formulate a perfect legal and political system |
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| Which utilitarian came first: Bentham or Mill? |
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| Bentham. Therefore it is less complex |
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| Happiness is defined as pleasure in the absence of pain |
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| Echoing Aristotle, happiness is the only desirable end |
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| Greatest happiness principle for Mill is |
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| moral acts promote happiness and prevents suffering |
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| Every person's happiness counts the same |
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| Adds an 8th category to the utilitarian calculus |
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| "It is better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied." |
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